Effect of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles on Differentiation of Myeloid Suppressor Cells
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Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol. 170, No. 1, November, 2020
BIOTECHNOLOGIES Effect of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles on Differentiation of Myeloid Suppressor Cells S. A. Zamorina, K. Yu. Shardina, V. P. Timganova, M. S. Bochkova, A. I. Nechaev, P. V. Khramtsov, and M. B. Raev
Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 170, No. 7, pp. 102-105, July, 2020 Original article submitted April 17, 2020 We studied the effect of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles on differentiation of human myeloid suppressor cells (MDSC) in an in vitro system. Separated mononuclear cells of healthy donors were induced with cytokines (IL-6 and GM-CSF) into the MDSC phenotype (both polymorphonuclear (PMN-MDSC) and monocyte (M-MDSC) subsets of these cells were taken into account). Pegylated GO nanoparticles (GO-PEG; mean size 569±14 nm, PEG content ~20%) were used. GO-PEG in low concentrations (2.5 and 5 μg/ml) increased the percentage of MDSC in cultures, but reduced their content in high concentration (10 μg/ml). After exposure to GO-PEG (2.5 and 5 μg/ml), the MDSC content increased at the expense of M-MDSC, while the level of PMN-MDSC did not change. The decrease in MDSC levels after exposure to high doses of GO-PEG (10 μg/ml) was due to a decrease in PMN-MDSC. Thus, GO-PEG nanoparticles can oppositely regulate differentiation of MDSC by inhibiting or stimulating differentiation of these cells depending on the concentration. Key Words: graphene oxide; surface modification of nanoparticles; pegylated nanoparticles of graphene oxide; myeloid suppressor cells Graphene is a two-dimensional material consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms and characterized by low weight and high mechanical strength. Due to unique properties it is now used in many fields, including biomedicine [1]. In biomedical studies, oxidized graphene versions, namely graphene oxide (GO) are primarily used. Cytotoxicity against immune system cells and proinflammatory effects of GO are known to be limiting factors in application of GO-based preparations in biomedicine and introduction of scientific results into practice [5]. At the same time, surface modification of Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences — Affiliated Branch of Perm’ Federal Research Center, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia. Address for correspondence: mantissa7@ mail.ru. S. A. Zamorina
GO nanoparticles with polymers reduces their toxicity and improves their biocompatibility with immune system cells [3]. The most widely accepted coating for GO is polyethylene glycol (PEG) [13]. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogenous population of immature myeloid cells that acquire suppressor phenotype under pathological conditions and suppress the immune response [7]. Human MDSC have phenotype LIN—HLA-DR— CD33+CD11b+ can be subdivided into polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC) and monocytic MDSC subsets (M-MDSC) [12]. The probability of therapeutic intervention in MDS
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