Effect of iron and phosphorus on the microalgae growth in co-culture
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of iron and phosphorus on the microalgae growth in co‑culture Junxia Liu1 · Yongting Qiu1 · Linjuan He1 · Keshu Luo1 · Zhihong Wang1 Received: 23 August 2019 / Revised: 12 July 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Iron and phosphorus (P) are the important micro- and macro-nutrient for microalgae growth, respectively. However, the effect of iron and P on microalgae growth in co-culture associating with the formation of dominate algae has not been investigated before. In the current study, Anabaene flos-aquae, Chlorella vulgaris and Melosira sp. were co-cultivated under the addition of different initial iron and P to reveal the effect of iron and phosphorus on the growth of microalgae. The results showed that the mean growth rate of A. flos-aquae, C. vulgaris and Melosira was 0.270, 0.261 and 0.062, respectively, indicating that the A. flos-aquae and C. vulgaris algae are liable to be the dominant algae while the growth of Melosira was restrained when co-cultured. The ratio of Fe to P has a significant impact on the growth of microalgae and could be regarded as an indicator of algae growth. Microalgae showed a much more obvious uptake of iron compared to that of P. The information obtained in the current study was useful for the forecast of water quality and the control of microalgae bloom. Keywords Iron · Phosphorus · Microalgae growth · Co-culture
Introduction With increasing eutrophication in aquatic environments, the occurrence of algal blooms is becoming more frequent, resulting in a series of water quality problems. Generally speaking, the nutrients on algae growth can be divided into macro-elements, i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus (P) and microelements, i.e., iron, manganese, copper, zinc, etc.) (Agrawal 2012; Dai et al. 2016; Fujii et al. 2010; Satomi et al. 2008; Ushizaka et al. 2011; Wang et al. 2011; Yu et al. 2015). Macro elements and trace metal elements are often co-exist in the water, the uptake of them by algae is complicated and integrated (Moore et al. 2013; Weng et al. 2008). Among which, P and iron are the very important macro- and micronutrient for microalgae growth, respectively. P is an essential nutrient that all organisms require for energy transport, construction of membranes, and storage and replication of
Communicated by Erko stackebrandt. * Yongting Qiu [email protected] * Zhihong Wang [email protected] 1
School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
genetic information (Ji and Sherrell 2008). Iron is an essential micronutrient for the growth of phytoplankton due to its critical role in various metabolic processes including chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic electron transport, respiration, nitrate reduction, nitrogen fixation processes, etc. (Alexova et al. 2011; Fujii et al. 2010; Wang et al. 2014). The presence of iron, phosphorus and their union will contribute to the proliferation of algae. The work of Ahern (Ahern et al. 2007;
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