Effect of organic and inorganic phosphorus fertilizers on phosphorus availability and its leaching over incubation time
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of organic and inorganic phosphorus fertilizers on phosphorus availability and its leaching over incubation time Mahdi Jalali 1
&
Mohsen Jalali 1
Received: 28 April 2020 / Accepted: 27 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The use of organic and inorganic phosphorus (P) fertilizers in agricultural soils is very common, and few studies have been conducted to study the effect of different P sources on relative P extractability (RPE) and leaching using different P extractants and degree of P saturation (DPS), over a long period of time. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of incubation time and different P sources on RPE, DPS, and to predict the concentration of P leached from soil using different P extractants. In order to achieve these goals, nine sewage sludges (SSs), two biochars, animal manure (AM), poultry manure (PM), wheat residue (WR), diammonium phosphate (DAP), and triple superphosphate (TSP) were added to the soil as much as 100 mg P kg−1 in a 163 days incubation experiment. On average across all amendments and incubation periods, Mehlich-3 extractable P (M3EP) gave the highest mean RPE (42.9%, SE = 7.1%), with water-extractable P (WEP) the lowest (4.6%, SE = 0.93%), and Olsenextractable P (OEP) (38.3%, SE = 6.3%) in between. Among SSs and based on average across of all incubation periods, soils treated with Shiraz and Takestan SSs were the least soluble source of P, while the highest soluble source of P were soils treated with Kermanshah and Tehran SSs. The results indicated that soil samples taken 16 days following the addition of amendments should reflect agronomic and environmental purposes aiming to assess available and the potential P loss from agricultural soils. The split line model perfectly fitted to the relation between OEP and M3EP (r = 0.93). The DPSs were calculated and the P leaching rate was estimated. Based on OEP, the soils treated with TSP and DAP were at high risk, the medium risk was for soils treated with Kermanshah, Saveh, Tehran, Rasht, Sanandaj, and Isfahan SSs, and PM. Control soil, and soils treated with WR were at no risk, and the soils treated with Arak, Shiraz, and Takestan SSs, ABC, WBC, and AM were classified as low risk. Keywords Phosphorus fertilizers . Phosphorus extractors . Degree of phosphorus saturation . Phosphorus loss potential
Introduction Phosphorus (P) content starts from a small amount to over 1 g kg−1 in the surface and subsurface of the soil (Prasad and Power 1997). About 30–60% of the total P is organic P in most soils, and its range differs depending on warm and cold regions of the world (Gregory and Nortcliff 2013). Inorganic P generally bound with calcium (Ca) in neutral to alkaline soils, whereas in acidic soils, iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) are compound with P. The demand for P use is primarily Responsible editor: Kitae Baek * Mahdi Jalali [email protected] 1
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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