Effect of Moisture and Axes Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of the Myrobalan Fruits and its Seed Under Compress
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Effect of Moisture and Axes Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of the Myrobalan Fruits and its Seed Under Compressive Loading Sumit Sudhir Pathak1 • Akshay Sonawane1 • Rama Chandra Pradhan1 • Sabyasachi Mishra1
Received: 11 June 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 Ó The Institution of Engineers (India) 2020
Abstract The main objective of inducted research was to test mechanical properties of two myrobalan fruits Terminalia bellerica and Terminalia chebula based on variation in the moisture content and the loading position of the fruit and its seed along the longitudinal, intermediate and transverse axes. The mechanical properties were tested in terms of deformation, rupture force, toughness and energy absorbed. The results revealed that the forces required to deform the Terminalia chebula whole fruit (163.09 N) and seed (890.53 N) were minimum along the transverse axis, while for the Terminalia bellerica it was found to be minimum along longitudinal axis for both whole fruit (725.25 N) and seed (554.84 N) at 4% (wet basis) moisture content. The increase in the moisture content of the fruit and seed showed an increase in the deformation as elasticity increased, while the toughness of the fruit decreased from 0.90 to 0.13 mJ/cm3. The obtained results find its application in the designing of various unit operation equipments such as decorticator and graders. Keywords Myrobalan Mechanical properties Deformation Rupture force Toughness
& Rama Chandra Pradhan [email protected] Sumit Sudhir Pathak [email protected] Akshay Sonawane [email protected] Sabyasachi Mishra [email protected] 1
Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela Odisha-769008, India
Introduction Terminalia bellerica and Terminalia chebula are two fruits belonging to the myrobalan family. These fruits are found in the Southeast Asia and in subcontinent of Bharat. These two fruits are extensively used in Bharatiya herbal medicines. These two myrobalan fruits possess tremendous medicinal properties, due to which they have gained popularity not only in Asia but also throughout the world [1]. The dried fruit of T. bellerica is ovoid drupe, while T. chebula is an ellipsoid drupe, both consisting of the kernel, seed and seed coat. The seed coat powder of these dried myrobalan fruits is used in triphala powder as a main constituent [2]. Hence, the removal of the seed coat from the seed is one of the most critical unit operations, which is currently carried out manually. It is necessary to design equipment, which will decorticate the fruit for the separation of seed from seed coat. For designing of de-hulling, decorticating equipment, it is obligatory to know the resistance to impact, deformation, toughness, energy required, rupture force, etc., to break the fruit [3]. Among all these mechanical properties of the fruit and seed, the toughness and rupture force are of prime importance, which can be measured by using compression testing. The compression testing is the mo
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