Effect of natural and anthropogenic acidification on aluminium distribution in forest soils of two regions in the Czech
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of natural and anthropogenic acidification on aluminium distribution in forest soils of two regions in the Czech Republic Lenka Pavlů1 · Luboš Borůvka1 · Ondřej Drábek1 · Antonín Nikodem1
Received: 19 March 2019 / Accepted: 25 June 2019 © The Author(s) 2019
Abstract To elucidate the dynamics of aluminium (Al), an element potentially toxic and strongly affected by acidification processes, in soils, we selected two regions that were similar in relief, soil types, and vegetation cover but differed markedly in their history of acid precipitation: the Jizerské Mountains (anthropogenically acidified) and the Novohradské Mountains (naturally acidified) in the Czech Republic. The levels of Al forms (exchangeable and organically bound) associated with different environmental impacts were measured and univalent, divalent and trivalent Al species were quantified using HPLC/IC. Exchangeable and organically bound Al concentrations were higher in the anthropogenically acidified area. Only the concentrations of the leastdangerous species, the univalent, in organic soil horizons were similar for both mountains. The concentrations of exchangeable Al forms were correlated with Ca concentrations and with pH in the organic horizon. The known relationship of Al with soil pH was stronger in the mineral horizons. Relationships of exchangeable Al forms concentrations Project funding: The work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund, project Centre for the Investigation of Synthesis and Transformation of Nutritional Substances in the Food Chain in Interaction with Potentially Harmful Substances of Anthropogenic Origin: Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Contamination Risks for the Quality of Agricultural Products (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000845). The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com Corresponding editor: Zhu Hong. * Lenka Pavlů [email protected] 1
Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
with sulphur concentrations or even more with the sulphur calcium molar ratio were found only in the Jizerské Mountains, not in the Novohradské. Generally, the obtained results support the hypothesis that mechanisms differed between natural and anthropogenic acidification. Keywords Soil acidification · Spruce forest · Soil properties · Aluminium forms · Aluminium species
Introduction Soil acidification is a natural process, which is accelerated by human activities. The general principles of this process have been elucidated (e.g., Rengel 2003). Anthropogenic acidification of soils is mainly derived from the burning of fossil fuels, resulting in SO2 and NOx emission, which are transformed into acids and are deposited in soil. Although fossil fuel emissions have dropped from previously very high amounts in Europe (Kopáček and Veselý 2005), acidifiers have accumulated in soils, and industrial regions have been increasing in Asia (Smith et al. 2011). Soil acidific
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