The response of canopy height diversity to natural disturbances in two temperate forest landscapes
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
The response of canopy height diversity to natural disturbances in two temperate forest landscapes Cornelius Senf
. Akira S. Mori . Jo¨rg Mu¨ller . Rupert Seidl
Received: 22 March 2020 / Accepted: 28 July 2020 / Published online: 6 August 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Context Structural diversity strongly influences habitat quality and the functioning of forest ecosystems. An important driver of the variation in forest structures are disturbances. As disturbances are increasing in many forest ecosystems around the globe, it is important to understand how structural diversity responds to (changing) disturbances.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01085-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Objectives Our aim was to quantify the relationship between forest disturbances and structural diversity with a focus on diversity in canopy height. Methods We assessed diversity in canopy height for two strictly protected Central European forest landscapes using lidar data. We used a multi-scale framework to quantify within-patch (a), betweenpatch (b), and overall (c) diversity. We then analysed the variation in canopy height diversity over an extensive gradient of disturbance rates. Results Diversity in canopy height was strongly driven by disturbance rate, with highest overall diversity between 0.5 and 1.5% of the forest area disturbed per year. The unimodal responses of overall
C. Senf (&) R. Seidl Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-vonCarlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany e-mail: [email protected]
J. Mu¨ller Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter University of Wu¨rzburg, Glashu¨ttenstraße 5, 96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany
C. Senf R. Seidl Institute for Silviculture, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
R. Seidl Berchtesgaden National Park, Doktorberg 6, 83471 Berchtesgaden, Germany
A. S. Mori Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan J. Mu¨ller Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyungerstraße 2, 94481 Grafenau, Germany
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diversity to disturbance emerged from contrasting within- and between-patch responses, i.e., a decrease in within-patch diversity and an increase in betweenpatch diversity with increasing disturbance. This relationship was consistent across study landscapes, spatial scales, and diversity indicators. Conclusion The recent wave of natural disturbances in Central Europe has likely fostered the structural diversity of forest landscapes. However, a further increase in disturbance could result in the crossing of a tipping point (at * 1.5% of forest area disturbed per year), leading to substantial structural homogenization. Keywords Forest structure Disturbances Sp
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