Effect of Photobiomodulation on Ecchymosis after Rhinoplasty: A Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Trial
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
RHINOPLASTY
Effect of Photobiomodulation on Ecchymosis after Rhinoplasty: A Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Trial Somaye Karimi1 • Mohammad Sadeghi1 • Amin Amali1 • Babak Saedi1
Received: 16 February 2020 / Accepted: 30 April 2020 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 2020
Abstract Background This study was conducted to compare the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (low-level laser therapy) on ecchymosis after rhinoplasty. Subjects and Methods Sixty rhinoplasty candidates were randomly divided into two groups. Photobiomodulation, including red light (660 nm), infrared light (840 nm), and infrared laser, was used in the first group on the first postoperative day, and its effect on periorbital ecchymosis was evaluated. Results The findings showed that low-power laser reduced ecchymosis significantly (p = 0.005*). Conclusion Photobiomodulation may be effectively used for reducing ecchymosis after rhinoplasty. Level of Evidence II This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. RCT registration number is IRCT20080820001056N3.
& Babak Saedi [email protected] 1
Otolaryngology Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Bagherkhan Street, Chamran Highway, Tehran 141973141, Iran
Keywords Rhinoplasty Complication Photobiomodulation therapy Low-level laser therapy bruising Randomized trial
Introduction Nasal plastic surgery is considered as an effective cosmetic procedure. The position of the nose in the middle of the face gives it a pivotal role in the aesthetics of the face. Therefore, there have been many endeavors to reduce its complications and gain better cosmetic results. Among different problems, postoperative ecchymosis is notorious as a cause of anxiety for both the patient and the surgeon. Consequently, many researchers have tried to propose methods to overcome or at least decrease this complication [1, 2]. Administration of corticosteroids is probably the most interesting option [3–9]. However, the adverse effects of these drugs and their contraindications may prevent their widespread application. Some recent studies found the positive effect of photobiomodulation in different circumstances such as wound healing as well as ecchymosis, edema, and pain reduction [10, 11]. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), often referred to as low-level laser/light therapy (LLLT), is a form of light therapy. PMBT uses non-ionizing light sources such as lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at a wavelength of 600–1000 nm and power of less than 500 mW per diode to elicit a photochemical reaction resulting in increased ATP, signal transduction, DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and differentiation and modulating pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators leading to decreased pain and in
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