Effect of Sandblasting on Tensile Properties, Hardness and Fracture Resistance of a Line Pipe Steel Used in Algeria for
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TECHNICAL ARTICLE—PEER-REVIEWED
Effect of Sandblasting on Tensile Properties, Hardness and Fracture Resistance of a Line Pipe Steel Used in Algeria for Oil Transport O. Bouledroua . M. Hadj Meliani . Z. Azari . A. Sorour . N. Merah . G. Pluvinage
Submitted: 9 March 2017 / in revised form: 11 May 2017 Ó ASM International 2017
Abstract Transport of oil and gas through pipelines in the harsh conditions of the Algerian desert, results in erosion of the pipeline materials. Erosion is a mechanical process that causes a loss of wall thickness, damage and residual stresses on the surface of a pipe due to shocks between sand particles and structure surface. Damage manifests by spalling craters of different shapes and depths. The evaluation of tensile properties and hardness after sandblasting for different durations has been performed on API 5L X70 pipeline steel. Particular attention has been paid to fracture resistance after sandblasting to provide the necessary data for defect assessment, specially the effect of sandblasting on the Material Failure Master Curve (MFMC). The results demonstrated that the sandblasting has slightly increased the yield stress, the ultimate strength and the fracture toughness and, at the same time, had an adverse effect on elongation, young’s modulus, hardness and thickness of the tested pipeline.
O. Bouledroua M. Hadj Meliani (&) LPTPM, Hassiba BenBouali University of Chlef, 02000 Chlef, Algeria e-mail: [email protected] M. Hadj Meliani Z. Azari G. Pluvinage LaBPS-ENIMI, Paul Verlaine University of Metz, Ile de Saulcy, 57045 Metz, France A. Sorour Center of Research Excellence in Corrosion (CoRE-C), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P.O. Box 5040, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia N. Merah Mechanical Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P.O. Box 5040, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Keywords API 5L X70 steel Erosion Sandblasting Tensile strength Hardness
Introduction High strength steels, such as API 5L X70 and beyond, possess highly refined grains and cleanliness. Pipelines made of these types of steels are often subjected to severe erosion due to transportation of petroleum products which is accompanied by erodent particles [1, 2]. Material loss due to sand erosion can cause severe damage to oil and gas pipeline and lead to ruptures if left undetected and unmitigated. Sandblasting is one of the most effective methods employed to modify internal and/or external metal surfaces in order to improve its properties for repair applications, such as patching. Two techniques for internal and external surface sandblasting are performed, either manually or automatically. Manual sandblasting is the dominant practice in Algeria. A number of researchers have studied the different effects of sandblasting and erosion [3–7] on the integrity of pipes. Hattori and Nakao [3] studied the cavitation erosion mechanisms through the observation of removed particles for AISI 1015 carbon steel and heat-treated S55C light carbon steel. They divided the phenome
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