Effect of seeding methods and hatchery periods on sea cultivation of Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae): a Norwegian ca
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23RD INTERNATIONAL SEAWEED SYMPOSIUM, JEJU
Effect of seeding methods and hatchery periods on sea cultivation of Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae): a Norwegian case study Silje Forbord 1,2
&
Kristine B. Steinhovden 2 & Torfinn Solvang 2 & Aleksander Handå 2 & Jorunn Skjermo 2
Received: 5 July 2019 / Revised and accepted: 16 September 2019 # Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract To reach the goal of an industrialised macroalgae industry in Norway and other high-cost countries in the near future, a standardised seedling production method to improve quality control and predictability of cultivated biomass is essential. A total of 11 different treatments for seeding twine or rope with meiospores, gametophytes or juvenile sporophytes from the kelp Saccharina latissima were measured for growth (frond length, frond area, biomass yield and density) and protein content after 80 and 120 days at sea. Meiospore- and gametophyte-seeded twines were pre-cultivated in the hatchery for 14–42 days prior to deployment, while juvenile sporophytes of different ages were seeded on ropes directly on the day of deployment using a commercial binder to attach the seedlings. The results showed that seeding with meiospores pre-cultivated in the hatchery for 42 days (S42) before deployment gave significantly longer fronds (77.0 ± 6.7 cm) and a higher biomass yield (7.2 ± 0.1 kg m−1) at sea compared to other treatments. The poorest growth was measured for the direct-seeded sporophytes pre-cultivated in freefloating cultures for 35 days prior to deployment (D35; 34.4 ± 2.4 cm frond length and 1.6 ± 0.4 kg m−1). Image analysis was used to measure the coverage of the twine substrate before deployment, and a correlation was found between substrate coverage and frond length at sea, indicating that this can be used as a tool for quantity and quality control during the hatchery phase and before deployment. The protein content did not reveal any large differences between the treatments after 120 days of cultivation. Keywords Cultivation strategies . Direct seeding . Kelp aquaculture . Image analysis . Optimising seaweed hatchery . Protein content
Introduction The macroalga Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae) is one of the most attractive species for cultivation in the North Atlantic Ocean due to its fast growth and high content of valuable components (Holdt and Kraan 2011; Handå et al. 2013; Peteiro and Freire 2013; Sharma et al. 2018; Bak 2019). In 2017 Europe contributed less than 1000 t of S. latissima to the global production of cultivated macroalgae of about 30 million t (Ferdouse et al. 2018), with China and other Asian
* Silje Forbord [email protected] 1
Centre of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
2
SINTEF Ocean, Department of Environment and New Resources, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway
countries supplying the major part of the biomass using breeding as a strategy to improve yield and quality (Wu and Guangheng 1987; Zhang et al. 2007). Macroalgae f
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