Effect of Shredded Rubber on Undrained Shear Strength of Fine-Grained Sands
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Effect of Shredded Rubber on Undrained Shear Strength of Fine-Grained Sands Soheil Ghadr 1
& Armin
Javan 1
Accepted: 20 February 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In many urban cities due to the enormous growth in the number of vehicles, scrap rubber disposal has been a critical environmental problem. In recent years, important research efforts have been dedicated to investigating the use of scrap rubbers in civil engineering applications, like recycling or reuse of scrap rubbers is the preferred possibility from a waste management perspective. This study furthers the knowledge of the undrained shear strength in clean and mixed well-sorted sands (different shape properties) with waste sand-sized rubber. For this purpose, shredded rubber content varies from 0 to 25% and initial effective consolidation stress of 100 to 300 kPa. Thirtysix undrained shear tests (CU) were conducted using a triaxial apparatus. On randomly mixing sands with shredded rubber, a dilative and strain-hardening and softening behavior governed, and undrained strength generally decreased. The results indicated that undrained shear strength is augmented with the growth of the effective mean stress. Peak index and Young’s modulus decreased, and flow potential increased with shredded rubber content increment in composite specimens. The undrained shear strength parameters (qpeak and qf) across 200 and 300 kPa effective mean stress were higher in the sand with a large angularity (low rr and rs). Further, a decrease in particle shape scale (rs and rr) ratios caused an increase in peak index and elasticity modulus and reduced occurrence in flow potential. Keywords Rubber . Undrained shear strength . Hardening . Shape scale ratio . Angularity
* Soheil Ghadr [email protected] Armin Javan [email protected]
1
Civil Engineering Department, Urmia University, 15 Km Sero way, Oroumieh, Iran
Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology
1 Introduction The discarded waste rubbers in the UK sum up just over 55 MT a−1 (DEFRA 2015). Being almost not biodegradable, around 34% of waste rubbers are landfilled, 22% is used for energy recovery (e.g., burning in cement kilns), and 21% is shredded to raw material (Viridis 2003). Possible use of recycled waste rubbers in infrastructure road pavements and embankments can significantly ease the pressure on landfills. Rubber wastes have good engineering properties such as high durability, low specific gravity, and flexibility. The use of recycled rubber as a replacement to aggregates in concrete has attracted considerable attention in the past two decades (Eldin and Senouci 1993; Topçu 1995; Albano et al. 2005; Marie and Quiasrawi 2012; Su et al. 2015). In the groundwork’s industry, the shredded waste rubber is used, to limited extents, to build lightweight composite materials mainly suitable for backfilling retaining walls. The shredded rubbers are non-toxic waste material and once mixed with soil will have no known adverse effect on the quality of groundwater (
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