Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride on Reducing Candida albicans Adhesion on Dentine
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride on Reducing Candida albicans Adhesion on Dentine Rima Zakzuk Alshahni . Mohamed Mahdi Alshahni . Noriko Hiraishi . Koichi Makimura . Junji Tagami
Received: 23 March 2020 / Accepted: 3 July 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Background Candida albicans is the most frequent pathogenic fungus in oral cavities. It adheres to dental tissues as part of dental plaques and contributes to caries formation. Objectives To evaluate the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on reducing C. albicans adhesion on dentine surfaces. Methods Flat dentine surfaces were prepared from bovine dental disks, and samples were divided into three groups. The first and second groups were pretreated for 3 min with 299 mM or 2.99 M SDF, respectively, and the third group (control) did not undergo any SDF pretreatment. All samples were
Handling Editor: Hamid Badali. R. Z. Alshahni N. Hiraishi J. Tagami Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Oral Restitution Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan M. M. Alshahni K. Makimura (&) Medical Mycology, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan e-mail: [email protected] M. M. Alshahni K. Makimura Institute of Medical Mycology, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
washed, inoculated with C. albicans suspension onto their dentine surface, incubated at 30 °C for 6 h, and washed again to remove any nonadherent cells. The abundance of adherent cells was investigated using colorimetric and real-time polymerase chain reaction approaches. Subsequently, the morphological changes in C. albicans by pretreatment with SDF were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results SDF inhibited candidal growth at concentrations as low as 2.99 lM. Dentine disks pretreated with 299 mM or 2.99 M SDF displayed significantly fewer adhered cells as compared with the control group. Upon pretreatment with SDF, SEM images showed severe morphological changes in the cellular walls, in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting a fungicidal effect of SDF against the yeast. Conclusion SDF should be considered for clinical applications aimed at inhibiting dental plaque caused by C. albicans, particularly in children and elderly individuals. Keywords Dental plaque Silver diamine fluoride Candida albicans Adhesion Morphology
Introduction Candida albicans is the most dominant fungus in the human oral cavity [1]. By fermenting carbohydrates,
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Mycopathologia
the yeast can reduce pH to 3.2 mainly due to the production of pyruvates and acetates, which potentially contribute to its pathogenesis in the oral cavity [2]. Candidal adhesion to dental surfaces is considered the initial stage in the formation of fungal biofilm [1], and the mechanism of this attachment to any substratum is believ
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