Effect of storage temperature on gentamicin release from antibiotic-coated bone chips
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of storage temperature on gentamicin release from antibiotic-coated bone chips D. C. Corac¸a-Huber • J. Hausdorfer M. Fille • M. Nogler
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Received: 13 June 2012 / Accepted: 24 August 2012 / Published online: 31 August 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012
Abstract Freezing is the most common method for storing bones until use in skeletal reconstruction. However, the effect of freezing on antibiotic delivery from antibiotic-coated bone has not been evaluated. In this study, we compared antibiotic delivery in vitro from gentamicin-coated human bone stored at different temperatures. Bone chips obtained from human femur heads were chemically cleaned and mixed with gentamicin sulfate. Samples were stored for 4 months at -20 °C, 4 months at -80 °C, or evaluated immediately without freezing. Antibiotic release from the bone chips was measured using Bacillus subtilis as an indicator strain. Zones of inhibition and rates of gentamicin release were similar in all three groups. Storage at -20 and -80 °C for bone allografts has no effect on gentamicin release from chemically cleaned bone chips. Keywords Bone transplantation Allograft Gentamicin Storage Bone bank
D. C. Corac¸a-Huber (&) M. Nogler Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Salurnerstrasse 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria e-mail: [email protected] J. Hausdorfer M. Fille Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
Introduction Bone grafting is indicated for joint reconstruction, repair of congenital skeletal defects and reconstruction of bone tissue after trauma and disease (Hinsenkamp et al. 2012; Putzer et al. 2011). Bone grafting can be carried out using autografts (tissue from the same patient) or allografts (tissue from the same species). Bone allografts avoid problems of autografts, including donor site morbidity and availability (Barbour and King 2003; Butler et al. 2005; Haimi et al. 2008). However, allografts are immunogenic (Stevenson and Horowitz 1992) and can transmit infectious diseases (Chapman and Villar 1992). To eliminate these problems and make human bone tissue suitable for transplantation, bone banks routinely decontaminate bone samples by mechanical and chemical cleaning and by freeze-drying (Lomas et al. 2000; Scarborough 1992; Holzmann et al. 2010). Also, infections can occur at the surgical site of contaminated bone grafts, leading to biofilm formation (Corac¸a-Hube´r et al. 2012). Such biofilms can be difficult to treat after surgery involving impaction because the impaction creates an avascular area where local circulation is disrupted, limiting the ability of systemically administered antibiotics to reach the infected bone (Isefuku et al. 2003). Bone cements containing antibiotics were developed to prevent and treat implant-related infections. However, the efficacy of the antibiotic-loaded cements is uncertain. Most of the antibiotics contained in the
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