Effect of temperature on disease severity of charcoal rot of melons caused by Macrophomina phaseolina : implications for
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Effect of temperature on disease severity of charcoal rot of melons caused by Macrophomina phaseolina: implications for selection of resistance sources Cheyla Magdala de Sousa Linhares & Márcia Michelle Queiroz Ambrósio & Gabriel Castro & Salvador Barros Torres & Cristina Esteras & Glauber Henrique de Sousa Nunes & Belén Picó
Accepted: 21 July 2020 # Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2020
Abstract Macrophomina phaseolina is the causal agent of charcoal rot disease of melons causing significant losses worldwide. Use of resistant cultivars is a desirable method for controlling this disease, but there is no information about the influence of temperature on the resistant behavior found in melon accessions. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of temperature on the reaction of six melon accessions selected previously for their resistant response to M. phaseolina. Accessions were inoculated with M. phaseolina isolate CMM-1531 and grown under accurately controlled environmental conditions at different temperature regimes (25, 28, 31, and 34 °C) in a replicated experiment. The increase in temperature increased the severity of symptoms in most genotypes, but this effect was less pronounced in the highly susceptible control, the cultivar ‘Piel de sapo’, and in the most resistant accession, the wild African agrestis Ag15591Ghana, that remained resistant even at 34 °C. The use of several screening temperatures allowed a better characterization of accessions that behaved similarly as highly resistant at 25 °C (Con-Pat81Ko, DudC. M. de Sousa Linhares : M. M. Q. Ambrósio : S. B. Torres : G. H. de Sousa Nunes Department of Plant Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Mossoró CEP 59.625-900, Brazil G. Castro : C. Esteras : B. Picó (*) Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV) of the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain e-mail: [email protected]
QMPAfg, Can-NYIsr and Ag-C38Nig), but in which resistance breaking was observed with temperature rises. Temperatures of 28 °C and 31 °C were sufficient to make Dud-QMPAfg, Ag-C38Nig and Can-NYIsr moderately resistant, whereas Con-Pat81Ko remained highly resistant. All these genotypes were susceptible at 34 °C, which suggest that are not suitable for hotclimate growing areas. The most promising accession was Ag-15591Ghana, whose resistance was confirmed in two greenhouse experiments under stressful temperatures (>34 °C). The behavior of these sources should be confirmed in naturally infested fields, but the controlled screening methods presented here are essential to characterize new resistance sources and to conduct genetic studies when a high number of plants must be managed under controlled environmental conditions. Keywords Soil borne fungus . Cucumis melo germplasm . Heat stress . Host resistance
Introduction Brazil is the main producer and exporter of melons in South America. In 2017, it produced 540,229 to
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