First report of sheath rot of corn caused by Fusarium verticillioides in Northeast China
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First report of sheath rot of corn caused by Fusarium verticillioides in Northeast China Lei Sun 1 & Shuang Wang 1 & Wu Zhang 1,2 & Fengqin Chi 1 & Xiaoyu Hao 1 & Jingyang Bian 3 & Yonggang Li 4 Received: 19 July 2019 / Accepted: 22 May 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Keywords Sheath rot . Zea mays . China . Fusarium verticillioides
In 2018, sheath rot of corn (Zea mays L.) was observed in several fields in Heilongjiang province (China) from the tasseling/silking to maturity stages. Disease plants exhibited oblong or irregular spots with dark reddish, brown margins, and gray centers or brownish gray lesions. The disease occurred on approximately 40% of leaf sheaths of corn in three 7-ha commercial fields with random distribution in field, with rot on the middle of the maize and below the leaf sheaths. In order to isolate the pathogen, symptomatic sheath tissues were surface-disinfested with 75% ethanol for 2 s and 0.5% NaOCl for 5 min, rinsed with sterile distilled water. The sheath sections (5 mm) were placed on plates containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. After incubating at 26 °C for 2 d in darkness, twelve isolates of 20 diseased tissues were isolated and initially white, gradually developed a pink pigmentation. Microconidia were abundant on PDA plates, usually singlecelled, and oval or club-shaped, measuring 6–12 μm in length and 3–6 μm in width (n = 100). They were produced on
monophialides. Macroconidia were observed on CLA plates. They were slender, almost straight, thin-walled, no obvious basal cell, measuring 34–42 μm in length and 3– 5 μm in width, and usually had three to five septa on CLA plates. All isolates were identified as F. verticillioides (Palmero et al. 2012). The three representative isolates, Q1, Q2, and Q6, were identified on the basis of partial gene sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1α gene obtained with the primers ITS1 and ITS4 (Yin et al. 2012) and EF1-H and EF2-T (O’Donnell et al. 2000). The obtained sequences were deposited in GenBank (accession Nos. MN698237.1, MN698249.1 and MN700027.1 for ITS, MN653164.1, MN689177.1, and MN689178.1 for TEF, respectively). A MegaBLAST analysis of the ITS and TEF sequences showed that they were 99% similar to F. verticillioides isolates. According to Koch’s postulates, the sheaths of 10 plants for each strain (cv. Demeiya 3)
L. Sun and S. Wang contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-020-00582-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yonggang Li [email protected] 1
Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, People’s Republic of China
2
Heihe Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Heihe 164300, People’s Republic of China
3
Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163000, Peopl
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