Effect of the Aluminum Particle Size, Solid Content, and Aluminum/Oxygen Ratio on the Underwater Explosion Performance o
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Effect of the Aluminum Particle Size, Solid Content, and Aluminum/Oxygen Ratio on the Underwater Explosion Performance of Aluminum-Based Explosives F. Xiaoa , W. Gaoa , J. Lia , and R. Yanga
UDC 534.222
Published in Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 56, No. 5, pp. 91–98, September–October, 2020. Original article submitted August 23, 2019; revision submitted November 5, 2019; accepted for publication November 6, 2019.
Abstract: Several aluminum-based explosives are prepared and their underwater explosion performances, including the specific bubble energy and specific shock wave energy, are measured in underwater explosion experiments. The formulation characteristics of the explosives involve the aluminum/oxygen (Al/O) ratio, aluminum particle size, and the total content of all solid components, including ammonium perchlorate (AP), aluminum (Al), and cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX). The results indicate that the Al/O ratio of the explosives produces a great effect on the specific shock wave energy and specific bubble energy of the explosives. The total specific energy of the explosive reaches the maximum value at Al/O = 0.44. It is notable that an increase in the total solid content (AP, Al, and RDX) in the explosive formulation can effectively increase the specific total energy of the explosives. When the total solid content is increased by 2% (by weight) in the explosive formulation, the total energy of the explosive can be increased by about 0.1 times the TNT equivalent. Moreover, the particle size of the aluminum powder can also significantly affect the energy of the explosives. The smaller particle size of the aluminum powder is beneficial to the energy release of aluminum and can increase the total explosion energy. Keywords: aluminized explosives, underwater explosion, aluminum/oxygen ratio, specific shock wave energy, specific bubble energy. DOI: 10.1134/S0010508220050093
INTRODUCTION Aluminized explosives are widely used in various types of weapons due to their high energy density, high heat release, and long detonation time [1–3]. The studies have shown that the explosion energy of aluminized explosives under water is much higher than that of elemental explosives, such as cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), cyclotetramethylenete-tranitramine (HMX), a
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China; [email protected].
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and hexanitro-hexaazatetracyclo-dodecane (CL-20), which is due to the fact that the aluminum powder can significantly increase the value of the bubble energy during the explosion process [4–6]. A large number of studies have focused on the explosion properties of explosives with addition of various metals, such as the boron powder, silicon powder, and metal hydride [7– 10]. For some high-energy explosives, wax was used as a binder to mold the charge. These explosives have disadvantages of poor mechanical properties, high sensitivity, and high risk of the preparation process. A cast aluminized explosive is prepared with a binder and a plasticizer as a
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