Effect of thermal treatment on fiber morphology in wood pyrolysis
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Effect of thermal treatment on fiber morphology in wood pyrolysis Raul de Abreu Neto1,2 · José Tarcísio Lima1 · Luiz Mendes Takarada1 · Paulo Fernando Trugilho1 Received: 25 April 2020 / Accepted: 21 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Pyrolysis temperature can alter wood cell anatomical components. However, temper‑ ature effects applied to fibers during the pyrolysis process are not very clear. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of thermal treatment on the qual‑ ity of fiber walls of wood in the pyrolysis process. For this, ten trees of Eucalyptus urophylla were cut, five of each hybrid’s clones, VM4 and MN463, both 6 years old. Specimens of 0.02 × 0.02 × 0.02 m were prepared for treatment performed at four different temperatures: 100, 250, 350 and 450 °C. Fiber width (FW) and fiber lumen diameter (LD) were measured by scanning electron microscopy, and fiber wall thickness (WT) was calculated as a function of these dimensions. FW decreased approximately 40% with treatment at 450 °C; this trend was verified for both clones analyzed. It was possible to estimate a reduction of 8% in LD every 100 °C of tem‑ perature increase. LD of wood was larger than charcoal. LD showed no linear ten‑ dency for the thermal treatments analyzed. WT of wood was higher for VM4 clone compared to MN463. The temperature of 100 °C did not imply a large WT change. However, both genetic materials showed tendency to a decrease in the thickness of fiber walls with increasing temperature. The temperature of 350 °C reduced WT by approximately 45% and 64% for VM4 and MN463, respectively. WT of Eucalyptus urophylla of charcoal reduced by approximately 76%, compared to original thick‑ ness. Wood fiber wall thickness was four times greater than wall thickness of car‑ bonized material at 450 °C.
* Raul de Abreu Neto [email protected] 1
Department of Forestry Sciences (DCF), Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitario, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200‑900, Brazil
2
Department of Forestry Engineering, Midwestern Parana State University (Unicentro), Irati, Parana, Brazil
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Wood Science and Technology
Introduction Pyrolysis is biomass conversion by heat with controlled oxygen and results in the production of charcoal, gasses, and other subproducts (Sanchez-Silva et al. 2012). During pyrolysis, the temperature can decompose the three main compo‑ nents of wood, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, and alter the morphology of cell elements (Giudicianni et al. 2013). Slow pyrolysis is used to increase carbon concentration in solid products in order to increase the calorific value and fixed carbon content (Trugilho and Silva 2001; Jouhara et al. 2018). The properties of wood, such as density, mechanical strength, chemical and anatomical composi‑ tion, are irreversibly modified by action of temperature, including the fiber as a tubular structure. Wood fiber structure has been studied, both in natura and carbonized (McGinnes et al. 1971;
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