Effect of Turbulence Modeling on the Melt Flow and Inclusions Transport in a Steel Filtration Experiment
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continuous casting of steel, nonmetallic inclusions such as deoxidation products (e.g., alumina) may be formed in the steel melt.[1,2] The presence of such inclusions decreases the quality and the machinability of the casting considerably. Therefore, it is important to improve the cleanliness of the melt by enhancing inclusion removal in order to avoid the occurrence of fractures or internal cracks in the final product. Employing ceramic foam filters (CFFs) is considered to be the simplest and least costly way to enhance inclusion removal in steelmaking. A steel casting simulator (SCS), located at the Technische Universita¨t Bergakademie Freiberg, is used under the frame of the Collaborative Research Centre (CRC 920) in order to evaluate the efficiency and the performance of CFFs.[3–5] A CFF is immersed in the induction crucible furnace (ICF) of the SCS in order to investigate its efficiency and performance. Many numerical investigations have been carried out in order to study the melt flow in an ICF.[6–12] The steady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) or unsteady (URANS) equation has often been employed
AMJAD ASAD and RUDIGER SCHWARZE are with the Institute of Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics, Technische Universitt Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany. Contact e-mail: [email protected] KINNOR CHATTOPADHYAY is with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4 Canada. Manuscript submitted February 6, 2018.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
for simulating the flow in the ICF.[6,7] Here, it was found that the URANS is able to provide a good prediction of the time-averaged flow pattern of the melt. However, the low-frequency pulsations of the velocity, taking place between the two toroidal vortices, cannot be well predicted by means of the URANS. These low frequencies can be well determined by performing the large eddy simulation (LES).[8–11] Furthermore, it was mentioned that the LES provides a good description of the heat and mass transfers in the ICF. Other studies have been undertaken in order to consider the transport of the conductive and nonconductive inclusions in the ICF.[13–19] Sˆcˆepanskis et al.[13] studied the forces acting on the inclusions in an ICF, where the authors recommended to apply the drag, lift, buoyancy, and electromagnetic force on the inclusions. Sˆcˆepanskis et al.[15,16] performed LES simulations in order to describe the admixing of the conductive and nonconductive inclusions inside the melt. Those authors highlighted the high capability of the LES to describe the flow and the inclusion transport. Barati et al.[19] compared the performance of URANS and LES simulations in describing the inclusion transport in an ICF. Moreover, they discussed the effect of the forces on the inclusion trajectories. In that paper, however, no specific modeling of the turbulence influence on the inclusion dispersion was taken into account, where the authors reported that LES models provided better tracking of inclusions compared with URA
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