Effect of Water Level and Salinity on Metal Fractionation in Sediments of the Yellow River Delta
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DEGRADATION AND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION OF ESTUARINE WETLANDS IN CHINA
Effect of Water Level and Salinity on Metal Fractionation in Sediments of the Yellow River Delta Xiao Li 1 & Xuehong Wang 1 & Junbao Yu 1 & Jisong Yang 1 & Yang Yu 1 & Di Zhou 1 & Yunzhao Li 1 Received: 23 March 2020 / Accepted: 3 July 2020 # Society of Wetland Scientists 2020
Abstract In estuarine wetland ecosystems, the heavy metal content and especially the metal fractionation are influenced by water and salinity conditions. We collected sediments from the intertidal zone of the Yellow River Delta, where the water and salinity conditions changed frequently. The incubation experiments at different water and salinity levels were carried out in the laboratory to investigate the migration of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the intertidal sediments. The results showed that the proportions of the residual fractions of Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb in the intertidal sediments were high, and the exchangeable Cd fraction was the highest. The Cr and Pb fractionations were significantly associated with the water level conditions. Different water level conditions were significantly related to the contents of the oxidizable fractions of Cr, Zn, and Cd. Except for the oxidizable Cu fraction, all Cu fractions were significantly correlated with the water conditions. Increasing salinity enhanced the migration risk of Cd and Pb. High salinity reduced the migration risk of Cr, Cd and Cu. The results of this study demonstrated that tidal floods increased the migration risk of Cd and Pb, and high salinity reduced the migration of Cr, Cd and Cu. Keywords Estuarine wetland . Sediments . Heavy metal . Water . Salinity
Introduction Currently, heavy metal pollution is widely recognized as a serious threat to the natural environment due to its complex sources, persistent and toxic behavior, and bioaccumulation properties. Heavy metal pollutants in the sediment are easily enriched through the food chain or enter the water and atmosphere through physical, chemical and biological processes; the presence of heavy metals indirectly affects the health of humans and other organisms (Luo et al. 2015; Janadeleh and Jahangiri 2016; Karbassi et al., 2016; Hoang et al. 2018; Keshavarzi and Kumar 2018). As complex and changeable ecological environments, estuarine wetlands are periodically influenced by ocean and Xiao Li and Xuehong Wang contributed equally to this work. * Junbao Yu [email protected] 1
The Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation of Coastal Wetlands in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, No.186, Hongqi Road, Zhifu District Shandong Province 264025 Yantai People’s Republic of China
river interactions (Yao et al. 2016; Bai et al. 2019). Estuarine wetland ecological functions have been threatened by degradation over the last several decades (Mireles et al. 2004; Yongpisanphop et al. 2005; Yang et al. 2008; Rai 2010; Antibachi et al. 2012; Bai et al. 2016). Heavy metals are harmful to aquatic ecosystems throu
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