Variation of Yellow River Runoff and Its Influence on Salinity in Laizhou Bay
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Variation of Yellow River Runoff and Its Influence on Salinity in Laizhou Bay SHI Hongyuan1), 2), *, LI Qingjie3), SUN Jiacheng1), GAO Guandong4), 5), 6), SUI Yi1), 2), QIAO Shouwen1), 2), and YOU Zaijin1), 2) 1) School of Civil Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China 2) Institute of Ports and Coastal Disaster Mitigation, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China 3) Marine Environmental Monitoring Central Station, SOA, Yantai 264025, China 4) Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 5) Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China 6) Center for Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China (Received December 2, 2019; revised February 25, 2020; accepted March 8, 2020) © Ocean University of China, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2020 Abstract Salinity in estuaries has an important influence on sediment deposition, delta formation, and fishery economy. The change of runoff in Yellow River (YR), which is the largest river along the Bohai Sea, has an important effect on the salinity of the sea, particularly in Laizhou Bay. In this study, measured runoff data in Lijin hydrological station from 1950 to 2018 are adopted to examine the change of YR runoff into the sea. The study concludes that the runoff of YR is distributed unevenly throughout the year and the amount of runoff mainly concentrates during the flood season. Results show a decreasing trend at a significant level of α = 0.95, with a range of −6.17 × 109 m3 yr−1. Three groups of runoff are set by using the Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model numerical model to analyze the change of salinity in Laizhou Bay. These modeled effects were compared with water level observations made by Bayuquan, Tanggu, and Penglai gauge stations and salinity surveys conducted by Longkou gauge station. Model results and observations of salinity distributions and coastal water level showed good agreement. We can conclude that the distribution of salinity in Laizhou Bay is high in the east and low in the west. Furthermore, it responded quickly to the change of the runoff from YR. Under conditions of high river discharge, the low-salinity zone increased in horizontal direction and reached the bottom in vertical direction. Key words
Yellow River; runoff; salinity; FVCOM; Laizhou Bay
1 Introduction Freshwater discharge from an estuary into the adjacent water forms an outwelling salinity plume (Xia et al., 2011). Estuarine stratification plays an important role in estuarine processes, such as vertical gravitational circulation, estuarine secondary circulation, sediment transport, and classification of estuaries (Monismith et al., 1996; García et al., 2002; Cheng et al., 2009; Lin et al., 2012; Flores et al., 2017). Many researchers have studied the important role played by freshwater discharge on the salinity stratification in estuary adjacent water; for example, Xia et al. (2007, 2011) simulated the distribution of the salinity p
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