Effective flood risk visualisation
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Effective flood risk visualisation Sarah Ellen Percival1 · Mark Gaterell2 · David Hutchinson3 Received: 26 September 2019 / Accepted: 8 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The effective communication of flood risk offers the opportunity to ensure communities can adapt and respond appropriately to changing local conditions. At a time of diminishing resources, such local responses, which can empower communities and make them more resilient to uncertain future flood events, are vital. The most general and accessible type of flood communication are flood risk visualisations, i.e. pre-prepared emergency flood maps. However, evidence suggests there is much we can do to improve their ability to communicate the complexities of flood risk to a range of stakeholders. This paper considers the development of flood risk visualisation approaches in the UK, presenting findings from a series of targeted workshops over twelve months, where the needs and criteria of stakeholder groups for effective flood risk visualisation were assessed via co-creative processes. Key stakeholders included local authorities, emergency responders, vulnerable homeowners, Environment Agency, business owners and, crucially, communities. These users need certain requirements to be considered in order for future flood risk visualisation to be effective, in particular simplicity, a central hub of information, different visuals available for the same data sets/problems, different maps available for different users, consistent terminology and integrated community knowledge (e.g. local flood groups/help). Keywords Flood risk · Mapping · Visualisation · Co-creation · Communication
* Sarah Ellen Percival [email protected] Mark Gaterell [email protected] David Hutchinson [email protected] 1
School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
2
School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
3
Faculty of Technology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Natural Hazards
1 Introduction It is difficult and expensive to reduce flood risk as the causes and management of flooding are complex (Pitt 2008; Bracken et al. 2016; RSPB 2016; Warburton 2016). Yet there are still opportunities to improve our flood risk management practices and enhance a community’s ability to cope with external stresses and disruptions (its resilience) (Adger 2006), especially the communication of flood vulnerability (physical and socioeconomic characteristics or wider deprivation within areas (Maantay and Maroko 2009; Wilson et al. 2014; Percival et al. 2018) and risk [interaction of hazards and an area’s/ community’s vulnerability (Percival and Teeuw 2019)]. Communities need to become less vulnerable to increasingly likely hazards if we are to manage flood risk effectively, and it is the response of the community itself that, to a large degree, determines vulnerability (Cornwall Council 2015; Rollason et al. 2018). To improve community respons
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