Effectiveness of Differentiated Application of Herbicides in Winter Wheat Crops
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PROTECTION
Effectiveness of Differentiated Application of Herbicides in Winter Wheat Crops A. M. Shpaneva, b, * and V. V. Smuka, b, ** aAgrophysical bAll-Russia
Research Institute, St. Petersburg, 195220 Russia Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg–Pushkin, 196608 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected]
Received February 17, 2020; revised March 5, 2020; accepted March 10, 2020
Abstract—The aim of the research was to compare the effectiveness of the differentiated and uniform application of herbicides on winter wheat crops in the northwest region of the Russian Federation. According to the research results, a stable positive correlation was found in the stemming phase of winter wheat between the NDVI vegetation index and the projective cover (r = 0.32–0.61, p ≤ 0.05) but not with the number of weeds (r = –0.18–0.35). Despite this, the actual values of this index did not make it possible to reliably distinguish different degrees of weediness in plots in the experiment in all cases. The higher biological and economic efficiency of the uniform application in comparison with the differentiated application of the herbicide in winter wheat crops was shown. In this variant, weeds were destroyed, including those on plots with low infestation, which were not treated with the differential application of the herbicide. At the same time, differentiated herbicidal treatment contributed to a significant decrease in the volume of drug use. The herbicide consumption rate differentiated on the basis of measurements of the NDVI index turned out to be as effective in influencing the number and phytomass of weeds as the total rate. Keywords: winter wheat, differentiated use of herbicides, weeds, biological efficiency, economic efficiency DOI: 10.3103/S1068367420050195
INTRODUCTION Weeds are in the first place among the groups of harmful organisms in terms of damage to agriculture in our country, and herbicides are in the first place among all plant protection products [1, 2]. Therefore, it is of particular importance to reduce the use of herbicides in order to solve the urgent problem associated with reducing the pesticide load on agrocenoses and protecting the environment. The experience of leading foreign countries has shown the importance of a precision farming system in which plant protection products are used taking into account the spatial distribution of harmful organisms in agrocenoses [3–7]. According to Russian scientists, locally differentiated application can reduce the consumption of herbicides by 29.4–37% and it is not accompanied by an increase in weediness of crop rotation fields [8]. The introduction of a precision farming system in our country is restrained by a number of objective factors, including a lack of knowledge about the peculiarities of the phytosanitary state of cultivated fields and the effectiveness of differentiated norms for the use of pesticides. Therefore, the study into optimization of the consumption rates of drugs and working fluid during herbicidal treatment, depending
