Effects and Mechanisms of Acylated Flavonoid on Cancer Chemopreventive Activity
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FOOD FACTORS: MOLECULAR TARGETS, MECHANISMS, PHARMACOLOGY AND IN VIVO EFFICACY (D-X HOU, SECTION EDITOR)
Effects and Mechanisms of Acylated Flavonoid on Cancer Chemopreventive Activity Kozue Sakao 1,2
&
De-Xing Hou 1,2
Published online: 4 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Many studies have shown that flavonoids have various physiological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-cancer, and hepatoprotective activities. Meanwhile, its hydrophilic nature has led to low absorption into the body and the limitations of its bioactivity. Many acylated flavonoids and their bioactivities, including those obtained as natural compounds and those synthesized biochemically or chemically, have been reported to improve their bioavailability. This review focuses on the recent developments of the cancer chemopreventive activity of acylated flavonoids. Recent Findings Novel acylated flavonoids have been identified from nature since 2015, and many of them have shown high cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects by acylation of glycosyl residues. A large number of acylated flavonoids have been synthesized by enzyme-catalyzed and chemical methods, and their bioactivity has been evaluated. The introduction of acyl groups in the sugar residues showed higher antioxidant activity with increased lipophilicity and improved anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects and the ability of apoptosis induction in cancer cells. In contrast, introducing acyl groups into the hydroxy groups of aglycones resulted in less antioxidant activity but improved cancer proliferation inhibition and anti-inflammatory effects. Summary Acylation of flavonoids tends to increase their bioactivity over the parent compound. The increased bioactivity by acylation can be attributed to increased lipophilicity and improved membrane permeability. Acylated flavonoids are one of a group of promising compounds that have cancer chemopreventive effects. However, the study of ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) will be essential to elucidate the relationship between acylation of flavonoids and the improvement of their bioactivity. Keywords Flavonoids . Acylation . Chemoprevention
Introduction The chemopreventive effects of flavonoids are mainly contributed to their antioxidant, free radical supplementation, antiThis article is part of the Topical Collection on Food Factors: Molecular targets, mechanisms, pharmacology and in vivo efficacy * Kozue Sakao [email protected] 1
Course of Biological Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
2
Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
inflammatory, and metal chelating properties. These capabilities are closely related to anticancer effects, such as scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body and scavenging oxidants that promot
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