Effects of Biochars Produced from Coconut Shell and Sewage Sludge on Reducing the Uptake of Cesium by Plant from Contami
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Effects of Biochars Produced from Coconut Shell and Sewage Sludge on Reducing the Uptake of Cesium by Plant from Contaminated Soil Huijuan Shao & Yongfen Wei & Fuping Zhang & Fusheng Li
Received: 14 September 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 / Published online: 11 November 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Immobilization using biochar is a costeffective and environmentally friendly remediation method to inhibit the transfer of soil contaminants to the food chain. This study evaluated the effects of coconut shell–derived biochar (CSB) and sewage sludge– derived biochar (SSB) on reducing the accumulation of cesium (Cs) by plant from contaminated soil. Pot experiment was conducted by cultivating Napier grass on the soil added with different Cs concentrations (0, 25, and 50 mg kg−1) and biochar ratios (0: control, 5% and 10%). It was observed that both biochars significantly restricted the transfer of Cs to the root, leaf sheath, and leaf blade of Napier grass (p < 0.01). The possible mechanisms of Cs immobilization by biochar could be the sorption of Cs on the surface of biochar as well as the restriction of the uptake of Cs by plant due to the increased K concentration of biochar-amended soil. CSB application was more effective than SSB on reducing the transfer of Cs to plant. Compared to control, the CSB application reduced the concentration of Cs in the plant by 80.2–98.2%. Moreover, obtained results in H. Shao College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, People’s Republic of China Y. Wei (*) : F. Li River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501–1193, Japan e-mail: [email protected] F. Zhang School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, People’s Republic of China
terms of pH, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, specific surface area, and K concentration of biochar-amended soil highlighted the remarkable efficiency of CSB to adsorb Cs and restrict Cs transfer to plant providing the key evidences for Cs immobilization. Considering these results, CSB could be a potential amendment for the immobilization of Cs-contaminated soil. Keywords Cesium . Soil contamination . Plant uptake . Biochar . Immobilization
1 Introduction Soil contamination by radionuclides mainly due to weapon testing, waste disposal, and accidental release from nuclear facilities has been a topic of interest for years (Zhu and Smolders 2000; Sawai et al. 2015). Among radionuclides, cesium-137 (137Cs) is considered the most abundant and hazardous due to its extended solubility characteristics as an alkaline metal ion, high radioactivity, relatively long half-life of more than 30 years, and easy incorporation into living beings (Liu et al. 2014; Smolders and Tsukada 2011). Once 137Cs is deposited to the soil, its downward migration is very slow, and it tends to remain in the upper layer of the soil for decades (Matsunaga et al. 2013). Teramage et al. (2014) demonstrated that 137Cs mostly remains within 10 cm of the soil surface, and it cou
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