Effects of cadmium on perianth and anther formation in Datura stramonium L.
- PDF / 2,417,286 Bytes
- 8 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 31 Downloads / 165 Views
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of cadmium on perianth and anther formation in Datura stramonium L. Zohreh Shirkhani1 · Abdolkarim Chehregani Rad1 · Mansour Gholami2 Received: 2 November 2019 / Revised: 22 February 2020 / Accepted: 24 February 2020 © Botanical Society of Sao Paulo 2020
Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most common heavy metal contaminants in the environment. Cd pollution adversely affects the plant growth and development. Datura stramonium L. plants, as an experimental model, were investigated for the soil Cd pollution effects on the perianth and anther formation development. The soil was contaminated by cadmium chloride in different rates (0 and 225 mg kg−1) and placed in the experimental pots (4 kg soil/pot). The tiny blossoms and buds, in different developmental stages, were removed, fixed in FAA70, stored in 70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin and sliced at 7 µm with a microtome. Different staining methods including haematoxylin–eosine and Alexander’s stain were used. The developmental stages of reproductive organs were examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that Cd can cause some abnormalities during the developmental process of pollens and ovule. Under Cd treatment, some changes were observed in a tapetum layer. In Cd-treated group, fragility, vacuolization and size of pollen grains were increased in comparison with control. A decrease in the bioavailability of pollen and degeneration of embryo sac cells were the results of Cd that Cd is capable of inducing chromosomal aberrations. Abnormalities in male organs were more than in female ones. This study showed the range of disturbances in floral structures and provides a good set of features to determine Cd-contaminated stress tolerance. Keywords Metal · Ovule · Plant · Pollen · Toxicity
1 Introduction Various natural processes, industrialization and urbanization lead to emission of toxic heavy metals in the environment including cadmium (Cd) (Kabata-Pendias 2010; Mosa et al. 2016). Cd toxicity causes inhibition and abnormalities of plants growth and development (Tran and Popova 2013). Uptake, transport and use of mineral nutrition and water by plants can be affected by the presence of Cd (Das et al. 1997). It can be caused an oxidative stress in plants * Abdolkarim Chehregani Rad [email protected] Zohreh Shirkhani [email protected] Mansour Gholami [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2
through producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Gratão et al. 2015). Research showed that histological studies of plant tissues are a beneficial tool for distinguishing the effects of pollutants on plants (Alves 1988). Yousefi et al. (2011) showed that heavy metals can cause some disorders during the ovule developmental stages in Chenopodium botrys L. In addition, Euphorbia cheiradenia Boiss. & Hohen. collected from metal-polluted area showed
Data Loading...
