Effects of carbonization conditions on the microporous structure and high-pressure methane adsorption behavior of glucos
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pISSN: 0256-1115 eISSN: 1975-7220
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
Effects of carbonization conditions on the microporous structure and high-pressure methane adsorption behavior of glucose-derived graphene Faten Ermala Che Othman*, Sadaki Samitsu**, Norhaniza Yusof*,†, and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail* *Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering (SCEE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Johor Darul Ta‘zim, Malaysia **Data-driven Polymer Design Group, Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen 1-2-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan (Received 22 March 2020 • Revised 21 April 2020 • Accepted 30 June 2020) AbstractA simple, promising, environmentally friendly, and high yield technique to synthesize high specific surface area (SSA) and porous graphene-like materials from glucose precursor through carbonization and controlled chemical iron chloride (FeCl3) activation was demonstrated. Designing this nanoporous graphene-based adsorbent with high SSA, abundant micropore volume, tunable pore size distribution, and high adsorption capacity, is crucial in order to deal with the demands of large-scale reversible natural gas storage applications. Raman spectroscopy, BET method of analysis, and N2 adsorption/desorption measurements at 196 oC were adopted to evaluate the structural and textural properties of the resultant glucose derived-graphene (gluGr) samples. The effects of different carbonization conditions, such as the inert environments (argon, helium, and argon) and temperatures (700, 800, 900, and 1,000 oC), have been studied. A glucose-derived graphene carbonized under nitrogen environment at 700 oC (NGr700) with highly interconnected network of micropores and mesopores and large SSA (767 m2/g) exhibited excellent methane (CH4) storage property with exceptionally high adsorption capacity, superior to other glucose-derived graphene (gluGr) samples. A maximum volumetric capacity up to 42.08 cm3/g was obtained from CH4 adsorption isotherm at 25 oC and 35 bar. Note that the adsorption performance of the CH4 is highly associated with the SSA and microporosity of the gluGr samples, especially NGr700 that was successfully synthesized by FeCl3 activation under N2 environment. Keywords: Glucose-derived Graphene, Graphene-like Materials, Carbonization, Microporous Adsorbent, Methane Adsorption
tion of suitable raw material and appropriate processing conditions is important for optimizing microporous structure of graphene. There are two categories of low-cost raw materials of graphene mass available from natural resources. One includes agricultural wastes such as rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, corn straw core, almond shells, olive stones [7]. The other covers agricultural raw materials such as biodiesel, milk, palm oil, butter, sugar, and sunflower oil [8]. In general, agricultural wastes are comprised of large amount of silica component [9], whereas agricultural ra
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