Effects of pore structure and surface chemical characteristics on the adsorption of organic vapors on titanate nanotubes
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Effects of pore structure and surface chemical characteristics on the adsorption of organic vapors on titanate nanotubes Chung-Kung Lee · Sheng-Kuo Fen · Huan-Ping Chao · Shin-Shou Liu · Fu-Chuang Huang
Received: 26 February 2012 / Accepted: 23 August 2012 / Published online: 5 September 2012 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract Effects of pore structure and surface chemical characteristics of titanate nanotubes (TNTs) on their adsorptive removal of organic vapors were investigated. TNTs were prepared via a hydrothermal treatment of TiO2 powders in a 10 M NaOH solution at 150 °C for 24 h, and subsequently washed with HCl aqueous solution of different concentrations. Effects of acid washing process (or the sodium content) on the microstructures and surface chemical characteristics of TNTs were characterized with nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, FTIR, and water vapor adsorption isotherms. For the adsorption experiments, gravimetric techniques were employed to determine the adsorption capacities of TNTs for four organic vapors with similar heats of vaporization (i.e., comparable heats of adsorption) but varying dipole moments and structures, including n-hexane, cyclohexane, toluene, and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), at isothermal conditions of 20 and 25 °C. The experimental data were correlated by well-known vapor phase models including BET and GAB models. Isosteric heats of adsorption were calculated and heat curves C.-K. Lee () · S.-S. Liu Department of Environmental Engineering, Vanung University, Chung-Li 32061, Taiwan e-mail: [email protected] S.-K. Fen Department of Civil Engineering, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan H.-P. Chao Department of Bioenvironmental Engineering, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan F.-C. Huang Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Taoyuan Innovation Institute of Technology, Chung-Li 32091, Taiwan
were established. Equilibrium isotherms of organic vapors on TNTs were type II, characterizing vapor condensation to form multilayers. The specific surface area (and pore volume) and hydrophilicity of TNTs were the dominating factors for the determination of their organic vapors adsorption capacity. The GAB isotherm equation fitted the experimental data more closely than the BET equation. The heats of adsorption showed that the adsorption of organic vapors on TNTs was primarily due to physical forces and adsorbates with larger polarity might induce a stronger interaction with TNTs. Keywords Titanate nanotubes · Adsorption · Organic vapors · Pore structure · Surface chemical characteristics
1 Introduction Adsorption-related applications of TNTs derived from hydrothermal method depend on the cation exchange properties, the availability of internal pore volume, and the surface hydrophilicity of TNTs, that are all easily affected by the synthetic conditions, including reaction time, synthesis temperature, acid concentration during washing, and calcination temperature (Kasuga 2006; Lee et al. 2007a, 2007b, 2008
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