Effects of electrical microstimulation of peripheral sympathetic nervous fascicle on glucose uptake in rats
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of electrical microstimulation of peripheral sympathetic nervous fascicle on glucose uptake in rats Daisuke Sato • Go Shinzawa • Masataka Kusunoki • Tomonao Matsui • Hiroyuki Sasaki • Zhonggang Feng Atsuyoshi Nishina • Takao Nakamura
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Received: 10 July 2012 / Accepted: 24 February 2013 / Published online: 7 March 2013 Ó The Japanese Society for Artificial Organs 2013
Abstract Artificial pancreas systems control insulinmediated glucose uptake. Although these systems are widely used in the clinical setting, they are still fraught with structural and biological problems. The non-insulin mediated glucose uptake (NIMGU) mechanism could be an alternative candidate as a target system for the artificial control of peripheral glucose uptake. Although the sympathetic nervous system is known to be one of the regulators of NIMGU, the effects of peripheral sympathetic activation on glucose uptake have not been well documented. We electrically stimulated a sympathetic nerve fascicle to clarify the possibility of controlling peripheral glucose uptake. A sympathetic signal was microneurographically obtained in the unilateral sciatic nerve in normal (NRML), insulinresistant high-fat-fed (HFF), and streptozotocin-induced
D. Sato (&) G. Shinzawa T. Matsui H. Sasaki T. Nakamura (&) Department of Biomedical Information Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan e-mail: [email protected] T. Nakamura e-mail: [email protected] M. Kusunoki Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic, Aichi Medical University, 2-12-1 Higashisakura, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-0005, Japan Z. Feng Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Johnan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan A. Nishina Department of Health and Nutrition, Yonezawa Women’s Junior College, 6-15-1 Tohrimachi, Yonezawa 992-0025, Japan
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insulin-depleted (STZ) rats, and electrical stimulation was applied via the microelectrode (microstimulation). The microstimulation was also applied to sites other than the sympathetic fascicles in an additional group of normal rats (NSYMP group). The stimulation applied to the sympathetic fibers resulted in an immediate and transient decrease of blood glucose (BG) in the NRML, HFF, and STZ groups, with little change in the plasma insulin. The change in BG level seemed to depend on the basal BG level (NRML \ HFF \ STZ). In contrast, no reduction in BG was observed in the NSYMP group. These results suggest that microstimulation in the peripheral sympathetic fascicle could enhance glucose uptake in peripheral tissues—independently of insulin function—and show an alternative possibility for controlling glucose uptake. Keywords Sympathetic nerve Electrical stimulation Glucose uptake Diabetes
Introduction Bedside-type, mechanical artificial pancreas systems have been widely used in the clinical setting. However, they are still fraught with problems, including stability of i
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