Effects of H 2 O 2 on growth, metabolic activity and membrane integrity in three strains of Microcystis aeruginosa
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effects of H2O2 on growth, metabolic activity and membrane integrity in three strains of Microcystis aeruginosa Su Chern Foo 1,2
&
Ian J. Chapman 1,3 & David M. Hartnell 1,4 & Andrew D. Turner 4 & Daniel J. Franklin 1
Received: 11 August 2019 / Accepted: 12 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The application of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a management tool to control Microcystis blooms has become increasingly popular due to its short lifetime and targeted action. H2O2 increases intracellular reactive oxygen species resulting in oxidative stress and subsequently cell death. H2O2 is naturally produced in freshwater bodies as a result of photocatalytic reactions between dissolved organic carbon and sunlight. Previously, some studies have suggested that this environmental source of H2O2 selectively targets for toxigenic cyanobacteria strains in the genus Microcystis. Also, past studies only focused on the morphological and biochemical changes of H2O2-induced cell death in Microcystis with little information available on the effects of different H2O2 concentrations on growth, esterase activity and membrane integrity. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of nonlethal (40–4000 nM) concentrations on percentage cell death; with a focus on sub-lethal (50 μM) and lethal (275 μM; 500 μM) doses of H2O2 on growth, cells showing esterase activity and membrane integrity. The non-lethal dose experiment was part of a preliminary study. Results showed a dose- and time-dependent relationship in all three Microcystis strains post H2O2 treatment. H2O2 resulted in a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species, decreased chlorophyll a content, decreased growth rate and esterase activity. Interestingly, at sub-lethal (50 μM H2O2 treatment), percentage of dead cells in microcystin-producing strains was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in non-microcystin-producing strains at 72 h. These findings further cement our understanding of the influence of H2O2 on different strains of Microcystis and its impact on membrane integrity and metabolic physiology: important to future toxic bloom control programmes. Keywords Algae bloom . Microcystin . Hydrogen peroxide . Lethal . Growth . Metabolic activity . Cell membrane integrity, flow cytometry
Introduction
Responsible editor: Vitor Manuel Oliveira Vasconcelos * Su Chern Foo [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
2
School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3
New South Wales Shellfish Program, NSW Food Authority, Taree, NSW 2430, Australia
4
Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
The toxic cyanobacterial secondary metabolite microcystin, produced by Microcystis sp. and other
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