Effects of HI Additive on the Crystallization of Perovskite in Printed Mesoscopic Scaffolds
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08385-3 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES WITH PEROVSKITE MATERIALS AND DEVICES
Effects of HI Additive on the Crystallization of Perovskite in Printed Mesoscopic Scaffolds SONG GUK KO,1 JIN HYOK RI,1,3 BYOL KIM,1 GYONG JIN CHA,1 GWON IL RYU,1 KYONG SU SONU,1 JONG MIN PHYON,1 and UN CHOL KIM2 1.—Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Life Science, Kim Il Sung University, Ryongnam-Dong, Taesong District, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. 2.—Analysis Research Institute, Kim Il Sung University, Ryongnam-Dong, Taesong District, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. 3.—e-mail: [email protected]
Carbon-based fully printable perovskite solar cells (CFP-PSCs) are attracting interests of many researchers, because of their easy large-scale fabrication and their high stability. In order to improve the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs, it is necessary to optimize the crystallization processes of perovskite films. Hydrogen iodide (HI) additive enhances the solubility of PbI2 or PbCl2 and retards the growth of perovskite crystals, resulting in round-shaped crystals and high photovoltaic efficiency. In this paper, the effects of HI additive on the PCE and stability of the CFP-PSCs are tested. It is found that PCE enhancement was achieved by mixing much smaller concentration of HI additive into the precursor solution as compared to the concentrations in other reports. The mesoscopic scaffolds might suppress the evaporation of HI additive, thereby enhancing the effects of HI additive. Adding 50 mg% HI into perovskite precursor solution, the many characteristics such as the penetrability of the precursor into the mesoscopic scaffolds, the crystallization of perovskite and charge transfer were improved, whereas charge recombination was reduced. Accordingly, the PCE of the devices with 50 mg% HI additive are improved from 10.12% (the device without HI additive) to 11.27%, corresponding 10% higher efficiency. The morphologies of perovskite crystals could be different between the inside and the surface of the mesoscopic scaffold due to the difference of the evaporation rates of HI additive. This result suggests that the removal dynamics of additive changes the effects of additive on the perovskite crystallization. Key words: Fully printable solar cells, carbon counter electrode, HI additive, mesoscopic scaffolds, perovskite solar cells
INTRODUCTION Organometal halide perovskite is attracting interests of many scientists in the optoelectronics field, because of their favorable features such as high light harvesting, charge transfer ability and long
(Received February 29, 2020; accepted July 31, 2020)
charge carrier lifetime.1,2 Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be characterized by easy fabrication and by high performance, whose PCE was already enhanced from 3.8% in the first report on PSCs3 to 25.5%4 within 10 years. This efficiency corresponds to the higher efficiency than that of the multicrystalline Si-base
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