Influence of geometry on cell proliferation of PLA and alumina scaffolds constructed by additive manufacturing
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Influence of geometry on cell proliferation of PLA and alumina scaffolds constructed by additive manufacturing Jhon Alexander Ramírez1 , Valentina Ospina2 , Angie A. Rozo2 , Maria I. Viana2, Sebastian Ocampo1, Sebastian Restrepo1, Neil A. Vásquez2, Carlos Paucar1, Claudia García1,a) 1
Grupo de Cerámicos y vítreos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia Laboratorio de Genética, Grupo de Biotecnología Animal, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] 2
Received: 17 February 2019; accepted: 8 October 2019
Scaffolds based on two different geometries were constructed by additive manufacturing: one based on a triply periodic minimal surface, the Schwarz D surface, and the other based on a rectangular geometry with orthogonal through-holes. For construction of the scaffolds, two different materials were used: polylactic acid (PLA) in filament form and alumina in printable paste form. The structure of the resulting scaffolds was characterized via X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and cell proliferation was assessed for each geometry and material, using fluorescence microscopy and DNA quantification via NanoDrop. Additive manufacturing allowed us to obtain scaffolds with the assessed materials while guaranteeing the interconnectivity of the pores in each one. The curved surfaces constructed with PLA were more favorable for cell attachment and proliferation of the CHO-K1 cell line.
Introduction Worldwide, people suffer every day as a result of injuries or diseases, and in many cases, the only possible cure is to completely replace some of the organs or tissue. Transplants can come from a living donor, from an immunologically compatible deceased donor, or, in some cases, from the patient himself. Obtaining a compatible donor is usually a complicated and prolonged process. Furthermore, in cases in which an autograft is possible, it can be painful and can compromise the normal performance of other healthy organs or tissues [1]. Tissue engineering aims to replace affected tissues and organs using structures known as scaffolds, which mimic the characteristics of the extracellular matrix of those to be replaced. Healthy cells obtained from the patient can be subsequently cultured in the scaffold using an appropriate medium to guarantee their in vitro proliferation, acceptance, and normal tissue growth at implantation time [2]. Scaffolds can be biodegradable and completely replaceable by new tissue, such as polylactic acid (PLA), which degrades to form lactic acid [3, 4, 5]. However, there are also biocompatible ceramic scaffolds [4, 5, 6], some of which do not degrade and others which are bioinert. This is the case with alumina scaffolds, which, despite not
ª Materials Research Society 2019
interacting with the surrounding tissues, are nevertheless studied, due to their excellent mechanical properties [8, 9, 10, 11]. Scaffolds for tissue engineering should have a porosity
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