Effects of inorganic components on the mechanical properties of inorganic-organic hybrids synthesized from metal alkoxid
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Effects of inorganic components on the mechanical properties of inorganic-organic hybrids synthesized from metal alkoxides and polydimethylsiloxane Noriko Yamada, Ikuko Yoshinaga, and Shingo Katayama Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel Corporation, 3-35-1 Ida, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211, Japan (Received 28 October 1997; accepted 30 November 1998)
Inorganic-organic hybrids (M–O–PDMS hybrids) have been synthesized from silanolterminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and inorganic sources of Al(O–sec–C4 H9 )3 , Ti(OC2 H5 )4 , and Ta(OC2 H5 )5 . The molar ratio of M(OR)nyPDMS and the inorganic component derived from the different metal alkoxides were found to influence the structure and mechanical properties of the hybrids. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements showed that the interaction between the inorganic component and PDMS increased in the order Al–O–PDMS , Ta–O–PDMS , Ti–O–PDMS hybrid. The stress-strain experiments revealed that the mechanical properties of the M–O–PDMS hybrids differed by the inorganic component, reflecting the network structure and strength of the interaction between the inorganic component and PDMS.
I. INTRODUCTION
In recent years, inorganic-organic hybrids have attracted attention as new materials with unique features.1–3 The properties of the hybrids are not just the sum of the individual contributions from inorganic and organic components. The utilization of the synergistic effects by combining both components can lead to the innovation of multifunctional materials. A wide versatility in the design of the inorganic-organic hybrids provides various applications of these materials in the fields of optics, electronics, mechanics, biology, and others.4 The designation “Ceramer” is one of the representative hybrids which incorporate polymeric components into an inorganic network through the sol-gel process. It has been demonstrated that polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) can be incorporated into a siloxane network derived from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS).3,5–8 An interesting feature of the hybrids prepared from PDMS and TEOS is their mechanical flexibility. It has been shown that the mechanical properties of these hybrids are extensively influenced by the process conditions such as acid content, TEOS content, and reaction temperature. Metal alkoxides other than Si alkoxides, especially transition metal alkoxides, are generally more reactive toward hydrolysis and condensation reactions than Si alkoxides.9 The use of such metal alkoxides would yield various hybrids having different structures and properties reflecting the reactivity. Moreover, the metallic element has its own particular ionic radius, atomic weight, valence, and electronic polarization which affect the mechanical, electrical, and optical properties of the hybrids. Thus, the incorporation of a metallic element 1720
http://journals.cambridge.org
J. Mater. Res., Vol. 14, No. 5, May 1999
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other than Si is anticipated to broaden the variati
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