Effects of interval training on cardio metabolic risk factors and nitric oxide in type 2 diabetes patients: a randomized
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effects of interval training on cardio metabolic risk factors and nitric oxide in type 2 diabetes patients: a randomized controlled trial Tahereh Arefirad 1 & Nader Shakeri 1 & Khosro Ebrahim 2 & Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani 3 Received: 14 November 2019 / Accepted: 30 December 2019 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interval training on cardio metabolic risk factors and nitric oxide in type 2 diabetes patients. Method This single blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted at cardiology clinic of Rajaee hospital in Karaj. Thirty female patients with type 2 diabetes randomly assigned to interval training exercise (n = 15) and control (n = 15). In interval training exercise patients received interval training exercise with 18 sessions (three sessions per week). Each training session took 25 min and consists a single set of exercise with 10 time repetitions. Training was performed on a cycle ergometer set in constant watt mode at a pedal cadence of 80–100 revolutions/min. Each repetition of the training takes 60 s and there will be a 60 s recovery pried between each repetition. Each training session include a 3-min warm-up and 2-min cool-down at 50 W for a total of 25 min. Blood samples and of all the subjects were taken at baseline, 3 weeks after intervention and at the end of the study (6 weeks). Results In intervention group, comparing with controls participants, a significant decrease were observed in levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and HA1c after training program (p < 0.05). Moreover,exercise significantly increased the level of NOx (p < 0.05). Other cardiometabolic risk factors including SBP, DBP, FPG, LDL, HDL, insulin level, insulin resistance, HR, VO2 max, did not show significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion Results of current study showed that interval training as a type of planned physical activity can be effective in lowering cardiovascular risk factors, especially lowering cholesterol and triglycerides, and can also have a beneficial effect on improving NO. Keywords Interval training . Diabetes mellitus type 2 . Cardio metabolic risk factors . CMRFs . Nitric oxide . Insulin resistance
Introduction Increasing trends of the number of patients with Diabetes and its related health and economic burden become a common health problem all over the word [1].
* Nader Shakeri [email protected] 1
Department of Exercise Physiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3
Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Researches show that there are more than 415 million people worldwide with diabetes, of which about 35 million are in the Middle East and about 8.5 million people live in Iran [1, 2]. Because diabetes is associated wit
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