Effects of Li 2 CO 3 and CuO as Composite Sintering Aids on the Structure, Piezoelectric Properties, and Temperature Sta
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08365-7 Ó 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
Effects of Li2CO3 and CuO as Composite Sintering Aids on the Structure, Piezoelectric Properties, and Temperature Stability of BiFeO3-BaTiO3 Ceramics SHIBO GUAN,1 HUABIN YANG ,2,3,4 GUANJUN QIAO,1 YUANYUAN SUN,2 FANGMEI QIN,2 and HAIGANG HOU1 1.—School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China. 2.—School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China. 3.—Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China. 4.—e-mail: [email protected]
In order to reduce the sintering temperature of ceramics, the effects of binary composite sintering aids, Li2CO3 and CuO, on the sintering temperature and properties of 0.7BiFeO3-0.3BaTiO3-0.0035MnCO3 + 0.002Li2CO3 + xCuO (BF-BT-LC + xCuO) ceramics were studied by traditional solid-state sintering. The results show that the sintering liquid phase can effectively promote the sintering of BF-BT-LC + xCuO ceramics by adding a certain amount of Li2CO3 and changing the amount of CuO. The samples sintered at 930°C/2 h with 0.4 mol.% CuO get a piezoelectric constant d33 = 168 pC/N, an electromechanical coupling coefficient kp = 0.302, and a mechanical quality factor Qm = 31.207. The addition of CuO was conducive to obtaining stable BF-BTLC + xCuO piezoelectric ceramics. We conclude that the composite sintering aids, Li2CO3 and CuO, can effectively promote the sintering of BF-BT-LC + xCuO, which is beneficial to obtain BF-BT-LC + xCuO ceramics with a wide sintering temperature range and stable properties. Key words: Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, low-temperature sintering, sintering aids, piezoelectric properties, high-temperature stability
INTRODUCTION Lead-based piezoelectric materials, such as lead zirconate titanate, are used in electromechanical fields, filters, and piezoelectric transformers because of their excellent piezoelectric properties.1–5 However, due to the potential toxicity of leadcontaining oxides and environmental pollution, there are urgent requirements for lead-free alternative materials. Many researchers have made efforts to develop lead-free piezoelectric materials to replace lead-based piezoelectric materials.3,6–8 BiFeO3(BF) is a multiferroic material which
(Received March 3, 2020; accepted July 28, 2020)
exhibits ferroelectricity and antiferromagnetism in the perovskite structure of the same phase at room temperature. The Curie temperature of BiFeO3 reaches 870°C.9,10 It has been reported that the electrical properties of BiFeO3 ceramics can be greatly improved by adding ABO3 compounds.11–13 BaTiO3 is one of the most extensively studied leadfree ferroelectric materials. It has excellent piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and dielectric properties.14–16 BiFeO3-BaTiO3(BF-BT)-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have high Curie and depolarization tempe
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