Analysis of sintering temperature effects on structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of BaZr
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Analysis of sintering temperature effects on structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 ceramics prepared by sol–gel method Sarita Sharma1,* N. S. Negi1 1 2
, Hakikat Sharma1, Shammi Kumar1, Shilpa Thakur1, R. K. Kotnala2, and
Department of Physics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, H.P. 171005, India CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
Received: 14 June 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 6 September 2020
This article describes preparation of Barium (Zirconium) Titnate (BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3) ceramics by the sol–gel technique and its structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties investigated with sintering temperature variation. The phase and microstructure analysis of the sintered ceramics was carried out by X-ray diffraction method (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. XRD analysis revealed structural transformation from cubic to tetragonal phase with increase in sintering temperature. Dielectric properties have been measured with variation of frequency up to 1 MHz and with temperature up to 200 °C. The BZT ceramics exhibit diffuse phase transition with normal ferroelectric behavior. Hysteresis loop measurements disclosed that BZT ceramics have good ferroelectric nature with saturation at higher applied electric fields. Leakage current density show negative temperature coefficient resistance (NTCR) behavior. The highest value (261 pC/N) of piezoelectric coefficient (d33) has been obtained for BZT ceramic sintered at 1400 °C and revealed that ceramics have great potentials for electronic industry based on sensor technology.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
1 Introduction In sensor-based technology era, functional smart structured material plays a vital role. These materials are widely used in fuel injectors, piezoelectric motors, transducers and micro-positioning system (MPS) etc. Among all, lead zirconium titanate (PZT)-based piezoelectric ceramics are mostly used in electronic
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04453-w
fields [1, 2]. The constituents of PZT-based materials have 60% lead content and considered as a toxic material for living beings and environment too. Recycling and disposal of these harmful lead-based ceramic is a tedious task due to volatile nature of lead oxide during higher sintering processes [3, 4]. Thus, considering these problems, presently, there is a huge demand for environmentally suitable piezoelectric
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
materials which could replace PZT ceramics and have non-toxic behavior towards living beings and environment. Barium titanate (BT) is one of the most effective lead-free dielectric material commanded piezoelectric property and has non-toxic behavior toward environment and living beings [5, 6]. BTObased ceramics are widely used as sensors, transducers, and multi-layer capacitive ceramics, as they have excellent dielectric, ferroelect
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