Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspecti
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Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspectives Haiyan Guo 1
&
Yue Su 2
&
Fang Deng 3
Accepted: 10 November 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as a kind of pluripotent adult stem cell have shown great therapeutic potential in relation to many diseases in anti-inflammation and regeneration. The results of preclinical experiments and clinical trials have demonstrated that MSC-derived secretome possesses immunoregulatory and reparative abilities and that this secretome is capable of modulating innate and adaptive immunity and reprograming the metabolism of recipient cells via paracrine mechanisms. It has been recognized that MSC-derived secretome, including soluble proteins (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteases), extracellular vesicles (EVs) and organelles, plays a key role in tissue repair and regeneration in bronchopulmonary dysplasia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pulmonary arterial hypertension, and silicosis. This review summarizes the known functions of MSC-EV modulation in lung diseases, coupled with the future challenges of MSC-EVs as a new pharmaceutical agent. The identification of underlying mechanisms for MSC-EV might provide a new direction for MSC-centered treatment in lung diseases. Keywords Mesenchymal stromal cell . Extracellular vesicles . Clinical application
Introduction Respiratory diseases are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide as the lung is a vital and vulnerable organ that is exposed to the ubiquity of pollutional environmental, occupational, and behavioural inhalational exposures [1, 2]. According to an analysis for the global burden of disease Haiyan Guo and Yue Su contributed equally to this work. This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Special Issue on Exosomes and Microvesicles: from Stem Cell Biology to Translation in Human Diseases Guest Editor: Giovanni Camussi * Yue Su [email protected] Fang Deng [email protected] 1
Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022 Hefei, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
2
Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
3
Department of Nephrology, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230022, People’s Republic of China
study (GBD) 2017, more than 500 million people in the world had a chronic respiratory disease and these diseases accounted for approximately 4 million deaths in 2017 [3]. Regarding acute lung injury (ALI), patients with ARDS occupy 10% of all beds in intensive care units (ICU) and the mortality rate for ARDS remains between 30% to 40% in most clinical research [4]. Whatever the pathophysiology of acute lung injury or chronic respiratory diseases, the overwhelming immune responses, and inappr
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