Effects of Microstructure of Ni Anode on Nanotemplate Based Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
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International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-019-00307-6
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Effects of Microstructure of Ni Anode on Nanotemplate Based Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Wonjong Yu1 · Sangbong Ryu1 · Waqas Hassan Tanveer1,2 · Gu Young Cho3 · Suk Won Cha1,4 Received: 10 July 2019 / Revised: 7 November 2019 / Accepted: 25 December 2019 © Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2020
Abstract For nano-porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template based low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs), anode structure has crucial effects on electrochemical characteristics because of triple phase boundary densities and electrical connectivity of metal catalysts on porous AAO substrates. In this study, we investigated effects of fabrication processes of Ni anode for AAO template based LT-SOFCs. Ni anodes were prepared at various deposition pressure, i.e. low pressure, high pressure and low pressure–high pressure, on nano-porous AAO substrates by physical vapor deposition. Surface morphology and cross-sectional structure of various Ni anodes were systematically evaluated. Electrochemical characterizations of LTSOFCs with various anode structures were successfully conducted at 500 °C. The Ni anode prepared at low pressure showed high electrical conductivity and low catalytic activity. However, Ni anode which was fabricated at high pressure exhibited poor electrical conductivity and good catalytic activity. Bilayer Ni anode which was deposited in sequence at low pressure and high pressure presented both good electrical conductivity and good catalytic activity. The LT-SOFC with the bilayer Ni anode cell achieved the best performance, 201 mW/cm2 at 500 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis was conducted to reveal detailed behaviors of AAO based LT-SOFCs. Therefore, we successfully optimized the anode structure for high performance AAO template based LT-SOFCs. Keywords Low temperature solid oxide fuel cells · Anode · Nickel · Bilayer · Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy · Anodized aluminum oxide
1 Introduction
* Gu Young Cho [email protected] * Suk Won Cha [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak‑ro, Gwanak‑gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), H‑12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon‑ro, Suji‑gu, Yongin‑si, Gyeonggi‑do 16890, Republic of Korea
4
Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak‑ro, Gwanak‑gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
Numbers of studies about low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs) have been conducted due to their unique advantages [1–12]. All electrodes and electrolyte or some parts of LT-SOFCs are fabricated using thin film techniques such as sputter, pulsed laser deposition, and atomic layer depositio
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