Effects of Parent Emotion Socialization on the Neurobiology Underlying Adolescent Emotion Processing: A Multimethod fMRI
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Effects of Parent Emotion Socialization on the Neurobiology Underlying Adolescent Emotion Processing: A Multimethod fMRI Study Kelly T. Cosgrove1,2 · Kara L. Kerr3 · Erin L. Ratliff4 · Andrew J. Moore2,5 · Masaya Misaki2 · Danielle C. DeVille1,2 · Robin L. Aupperle2,6 · W. Kyle Simmons7 · Jerzy Bodurka2,8 · Amanda Sheffield Morris2,4 Accepted: 15 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Parents’ emotion socialization (ES) practices impact socioemotional development throughout adolescence. Little is known, however, regarding the neurobiology underlying these effects. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine how parent ES practices relate to adolescent brain function during emotion processing. Thirty-three adolescents (ages 14–16) reported on ES practices of a focal parent (primarily mothers) using the Emotions as a Child (EAC) Scale. Adolescents also completed a conflict discussion task with this parent, and parents’ statements were coded for emotional valence. Adolescents performed two fMRI tasks: a standard emotion processing (EP) task (n = 32) and the Testing Emotional Attunement and Mutuality (TEAM) task (n = 27). The EP task consisted of viewing emotional pictures and either reacting naturally or using cognitive reappraisal to regulate emotional responses. The TEAM task was performed with the parent and included trials during which adolescents were shown that their parent made an error, costing the dyad $5. Parent negative verbalizations during the conflict discussion were associated with greater activity in the thalamus during the emotion reactivity condition of the EP task and in the thalamus, superior medial and superior frontal gyri, anterior insula, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the costly error condition of the TEAM task. Unsupportive ES was associated with greater activity in the supplementary motor area and less activity in the paracentral gyrus and amygdala during the costly error condition of the TEAM task. This study supports the premise that ES influences adolescents’ emotion-related neural processing, particularly when using ecologically valid tasks in social contexts. Keywords Emotion socialization · Emotion regulation · Adolescence · Parenting · fMRI Emotion socialization (ES) describes the process by which parents promote children’s emotional development through both direct education and modeling (Eisenberg et al. 1998), including instruction on emotion regulation (Morris
et al. 2007). Research on ES has greatly expanded over the past twenty years, with the introduction of novel research methodologies leading to an improved understanding of factors that influence ES in parent–child relationships and
* Kelly T. Cosgrove kcosgrove@laureateinstitute.org
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
* Kara L. Kerr kara.kerr@okstate.edu
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School of Community Medicine, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Department of Pharmaco
