Effects of reactive oxygen species and interplay of antioxidants during physical exercise in skeletal muscles
- PDF / 3,782,817 Bytes
- 9 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 104 Downloads / 187 Views
REVIEW
Effects of reactive oxygen species and interplay of antioxidants during physical exercise in skeletal muscles Anand Thirupathi 1
&
Ricardo A. Pinho 1
Received: 3 October 2017 / Accepted: 23 April 2018 / Published online: 1 May 2018 # University of Navarra 2018
Abstract A large number of researches have led to a substantial growth of knowledge about exercise and oxidative stress. Initial investigations reported that physical exercise generates free radical-mediated damages to cells; however, in recent years, studies have shown that regular exercise can upregulate endogenous antioxidants and reduce oxidative damage. Yet, strenuous exercise perturbs the antioxidant system by increasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. These alterations in the cellular environment seem to occur in an exercise type-dependent manner. The source of ROS generation during exercise is debatable, but now it is well established that both contracting and relaxing skeletal muscles generate reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. In particular, exercises of higher intensity and longer duration can cause oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleotides in myocytes. In this review, we summarize the ROS effects and interplay of antioxidants in skeletal muscle during physical exercise. Additionally, we discuss how ROS-mediated signaling influences physical exercise in antioxidant system. Keywords Reactive oxygen species . Oxidative stress . Antioxidants . Physical exercise
Abbreviations α-KGDH Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase ARE Antioxidant response elements ATP Adenosine triphosphate BTB Tram track and bric-a-brac CAT Catalase CoQ Ubiquinone CTR C-terminal region ETC Electron transport chain FMN Flavin mononucleotide FeS Ferrous sulfide GPx Glutathione peroxidase H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide IVR Linker intervening region
* Anand Thirupathi [email protected] Ricardo A. Pinho [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, Santa Catarina 88806-000, Brazil
Keap 1 Maf NADH NAD NAD(P)H Nrf2 PDH RET ROS SOD1 SOD2 TCA UCP3
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein Musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 Pyruvate dehydrogenase Reverse electron transport Reactive oxygen species Superoxide dismutase 1 Superoxide dismutase 2 Tricarboxylic acid cycle Uncoupling protein 3
Introduction The presence of free radicals in the living cells was first reported in 1954 [12], but the association between exercise and free radical generation was discovered only in the late 1970s [9, 17]. Since then, there has been a significant growth of knowledge about exercise and oxidative stress. However, many ambiguous concepts exist among the researchers
360
regarding reactive oxygen species (ROS) sourc
Data Loading...
