Effects of recycled carbon-based materials on tyre
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of recycled carbon‑based materials on tyre Senay Balbay1 Received: 31 October 2019 / Accepted: 24 May 2020 © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study examined the effect of recycled carbon-based material (rCBM), obtained by chemical degradation of end-of-life tires, on the mixture of tire tread (rubber composite) by comparing it with commercial carbon black (CB-N550). The new chemical degradation method was defined and the new rCBM was obtained. This newly method is more advantageous than other methods (devulcanization and pyrolysis). The rheometeric properties, mechanical properties, hardness, morphological properties, functional structures, thermal degradation behaviours of the rubber composites prepared were determined. The total number of bonds decreased as the amount of rCBM increased in the rubber composite mixture. As the vulcanized rubber network of the rCBM-filled rubber decreases, the cross-linking density of the rCBM-filled rubber was also reduced. As rCBM has a high sulfur value, the degree of chemical cross-linking of rCBM was reduced. In conclusion, rCBM will not be used in place of commercial carbon black but may be used by mixing with commercial carbon black depending on the desired properties of the end products. Keywords End-of-life tyre · Recycling carbon-based materials · Recycling carbon black · Additive · Rubber
Introduction The number of vehicles produced worldwide between 2010 and 2017 has increased by 25%, and it is estimated that approximately 1.4 billion tires are produced annually [1, 2]. Accordingly, 4.5 million tons of waste tires (WT) are produced in the US [3, 4], approximately 3.6 million tons in Europe [5], and 300,000 tons in Turkey [6], per annum. With the rapid development of the automobile industry, recycling of increasingly discarded tires has been a major challenge for a sustainable economy and environmental development [7]. One of the major problems that humanity faces when entering the twenty-first century is the disposal of waste tires [8]. Their disposal is a global environmental problem and their recycling is a major problem [9]. Increased environmental concerns and legislations have caused a considerable pressure on reducing, reusing or recycling of various waste rubber products. Different methods have been used to dispose of or reuse waste rubber [10]. The material recovery of ELTs
* Senay Balbay [email protected] 1
is carried out by the pyrolysis, chemical degradation, and devulcanization methods. Pyrolysis is the process of heating and evaporating carbon-rich materials in an oxygen-free environment under inert or atmospheric pressure conditions at temperatures above 500–1000 °C [11]. Devulcanization is a process in which the breakage of the cross-links occurs without breaking the main chains. The chemical degradation process involves the breakage of the S–S, C–S, and C–C links, and the degradation of the main chain links [12]. Tire is a complex mixture of different chemically crosslinked rubbers.
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