Effects of the heating temperature during the press extraction process on the yield and quality of cosmetic argan oil
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(2021) 6:11
ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of the heating temperature during the press extraction process on the yield and quality of cosmetic argan oil Tarik Ouchbani1 · Mohammed Bennis1 · Anass Khaili1 · Mohamed Zahar1 · Mitsutoshi Nakajima2,3 Received: 1 June 2020 / Accepted: 19 November 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The effects of the temperature of the heating ring of the extraction cylinder during the press extraction of argan oil from unroasted kernels on the oil extraction yield and quality were investigated. Oil extraction experiments were carried out with an Ateliers Afyach P55 mechanical screw press that had one press cylinder equipped with a heating ring located on the outlet side. Tested heating ring temperatures were 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, and 160 °C, and a medium screw rotational speed of 5 rpm was applied. The temperature was monitored during the extraction process along the cylinder and at the oil outlet. Results showed a significant effect of the cylinder heating ring temperature on the oil extraction yield; higher yields were obtained in the 80–120 °C range, with the highest values obtained at 80 °C for crude oil and clarified oil (53–55% and 47% wt/wt, respectively). At 60 °C, the oil extraction process was difficult to realize because the cylinder jammed due to the presence of a considerable amount of residue particles in the extracted oil. The measured temperatures at different points along the press cylinder during the extraction process and the temperature of the oil extracted during the process were much lower than the temperature of the heating ring. The extracted oil temperature ranged between 45 and 68 °C. In addition, even though the effects of the temperature on the monitored quality parameters (free acidity, peroxide value, and UV absorbance) were significant, all of the extracted oils were of extra virgin grade. These results imply that heating the ring of the extraction cylinder to approximately 80 °C optimizes the performance of the press and results in a high oil yield without compromising oil quality. Keywords Argan oil · Press extraction · Temperature · Oil yield · Oil quality
Introduction
Communicated by Mohamed Ksibi, Co-Editor in Chief and M. Kefi, Guest Editor. This paper was selected from the Tunisia-Japan Symposium on Science, Society and Technology (TJASSST 2019), Sousse, Tunisia. * Tarik Ouchbani [email protected] 1
Food Sciences and Nutrition Department Hassan II, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco
2
Alliance on Research for North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
3
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
The argan tree (Argania spinosa) is a species endemic to the forests of southwest Morocco, where it plays major economic and ecological roles (Lybbert et al. 2007; Charrouf et al. 2002). The fruit of the argan tree is a sessile berry consisting of a fleshy pericarp and a very hard-shelled stone containing the kernel, from which oil can be ext
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