Effects of TLR agonists on immune responses in Trichinella spiralis infected mice
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HELMINTHOLOGY - ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of TLR agonists on immune responses in Trichinella spiralis infected mice Bin Tang 1 & Xiaolei Liu 1 & Mingyuan Liu 1 & Xue Bai 1 & Yang Wang 1 & Jing Ding 1 & Xuelin Wang 1 Received: 2 January 2020 / Accepted: 2 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Human trichinellosis is acquired by eating raw or undercooked meats carrying muscle larvae of Trichinella spp. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential components of the innate immune system. However, little is known about the potential application of TLR agonists for immunotherapy against Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection. Here, we evaluated the effects of four TLR agonists (i.e., TLR3, TLR4, TLR8, and TLR9 agonists) on T. spiralis infection in mice. The reduction rate of worm burden showed that TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) significantly reduced T. spiralis infection rather than TLR4, TLR8, and TLR9 agonists (p < 0.05). Moreover, TLR3 showed a continuous high-level of expression during 6–35 days post infection (dpi). The levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-6 increased significantly in mice serum compared with control group after treatment with TLR3 agonist at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 28, and 35 dpi (p < 0.05). A significant decreasing trend was also detected in levels of IL-10 and IL-4 after treatment with TLR3 agonist compared with control group at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 28, and 35 dpi (p < 0.05). Overall, this study suggested that TLR3-targeted therapies might be effective on worm burden reduction by regulation of the cytokine levels in the mice infected with T. spiralis. Keywords Trichinella spiralis . Toll-like receptor . TLR agonist . Cytokine
Introduction Human trichinellosis has been listed as a neglected tropical disease, reported in 55 countries worldwide, and seriously affected the public health, slaughtering industries as well as the import and export trade (Pozio 2007; Shimoni and Froom 2015; Wang et al. 2012). The severity of human trichinellosis can range from subclinical to fatal (Gomez-Morales et al. 2018). Indeed, the early diagnosis and treatment of trichinellosis are of great importance in reducing major public health risk.
Bin Tang and Xiaolei Liu contributed equally to this work. Handling Editor: Una Ryan * Xuelin Wang [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, OIE Collaborating Center on Foodborne Parasites in Asian-Pacific Region, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People’s Republic of China
The genus Trichinella is a unique nematode that the adult worms and the larvae parasitize in the same host (Ashour 2013). Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection begins when larvae are released from cysts and invade the small intestine, and then the larvae mature into adult worms. After copulation, the female adult worms release newborn larvae which travel through the circulatory system to skeletal muscle cells where they encyst and dev
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