Efficacy of a commercial test kit to determine early pregnancy in cows using whole blood and blood serum
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Efficacy of a commercial test kit to determine early pregnancy in cows using whole blood and blood serum Ozan Karakuş 1 & Cihan Kaçar 1 & Mushap Kuru 1 & Semra Kaya 1 & Murat Can Demir 1 & Umut Çağın Arı 2 & Abuzer Kafar Zonturlu 3 & Yavuz Öztürkler 2 Received: 6 April 2019 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of the Fassisi®BoviPreg visual test kit (Fassisi®BoviPreg) in determining early pregnancies in cows by measuring the pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) in whole blood and blood serum. The study was conducted on 50 cows, the artificial insemination (AI) dates of which were designated as day 0. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed with transrectal ultrasonography (USG), and serum samples were simultaneously collected and used with Fassisi®BoviPreg to determine pregnancies on 30 days after AI. The results of the Fassisi®BoviPreg test on serum and whole blood samples, respectively, on 30 days after AI were as follows: sensitivity, 61.54% and 50.0%; specificity, 79.17% and 75%; accuracy, 70.0% and 62.0%; positive predictive values, 76.2% and 68.4%; negative predictive values, 65.5% and 58.1%; false-positive diagnoses, 23.8% and 31.6%; and false-negative diagnoses, 34.5% and 41.9%. On day 50 after AI, sensitivities were 63.64% and 50.0%, specificities were 100.0% and 100.0%, and accuracies were 75.0% and 65.62% in serum and whole blood, respectively. Higher pregnancy rates were obtained using Fassisi®BoviPreg in cows with ≥ 5 ng/mL P4 (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the results from the Fassisi®BoviPreg tests on cows on 30 and 50 days after AI showed that the use of blood serum is more accurate and suitable than that of whole blood. The results also showed a higher confidence level in specificity 50 days after AI. Keywords Cow . Early pregnancy . PAG . Progesterone
Introduction Pregnancy detection in the early stages after artificial insemination (AI) is important for the future economy of cattle breeders. The determination of open (non-pregnant) cows, which can reveal problems such as disease and bad nutrition, can help provide suitable treatments and is a highly economical practice in dairy herds. There are many methods for diagnosis of pregnancy in cows. Estrus observation, rectal palpation, and ultrasonography (USG) are generally used as * Mushap Kuru [email protected] 1
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100 Kars, Turkey
2
Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100 Kars, Turkey
3
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, 63200 Şanlıurfa, Turkey
examination methods by which to determine pregnancies in cows. Some of the molecules related to pregnancy in cows are interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), progesterone (P4), and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) (Lucy et al. 2011). Laboratory tests such as for milk/blood PAGs
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