24-h variations of blood serum metabolites in high yielding dairy cows and calves
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
24-h variations of blood serum metabolites in high yielding dairy cows and calves Hussein Awad Hussein1* , Jan-Peter Thurmann2 and Rudolf Staufenbiel2
Abstract Background: Blood profile testing is commonly used to monitor herd health status, diagnose disorders, and predict the risk of diseases in cows and calves, with subsequent optimization the production of dairy herds. By understanding the physiological ranges of serum metabolites relative to age, lactation stage, and the sampling time in healthy cows and calves, the dairy practitioners can accurately diagnose abnormalities with a blood test. The effect of sampling time on the variation of serum metabolites within 24 h were evaluated in 83 cattle. All animals were originated from a dairy herd, where the animals, based on their ages and lactation stages, were classified into eight groups. The blood samples were collected from each animal every 4 h within a day. Results: The time of sampling within the day showed significant influences on the serum concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and urea. BHBA was the most metabolite that showed day variation among cows’ groups. Furthermore, the concentrations of total cholesterol were the most stable metabolite in all groups. The mean values of albumin, total proteins, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), BHBA, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, urea, and creatinine revealed significant variations among the different studied groups. Conclusions: A certain suitable time of blood sample collection cannot be recommended. However, care shall be taken for the time of sampling for measurements of glucose, NEFA, BHBA and urea, otherwise the comparative values of these metabolites at different sampling time points may differ significantly from each other’s, without a disease cause. It may be recommended, for metabolic assessment of dairy herds, classification the subjects into different groups based on lactation stages and ages of animals. Keywords: Calves, Diurnal, Dairy cows, Metabolic profile, Sampling, Variations
Background Future health and performance management systems should focus on early identification and subsequent prevention of physiological imbalances in dairy herds. Consequently, there is a need for metabolic indicators that reflecting the health status of cows and calves. Measurement of specific serum metabolites allows the evaluation of adequacy of the main metabolic pathways associated with energy, protein, and minerals and then provides useful information related to nutrition and animal health * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Internal Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
to optimize the productive and reproductive potential of dairy herds [1]. Recently, using of blood metabolic profiling has acquired relevance for the study and diagnosis of various metabolic and reproductive disorders [2]. Bl
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