Efficacy of chelerythrine against dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus lugdunensis
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Efficacy of chelerythrine against dual‑species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus lugdunensis Weidong Qian1 · Zhaohuan Sun1 · Yuting Fu1 · Min Yang1 · Ting Wang1 · Yongdong Li2 Received: 9 March 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus lugdunensis are often associated with pathogenic biofilms ranging from superficial mucosal to life-threatening systemic infections. Recent studies have reported that chelerythrine (CHE) displays antimicrobial activities against a few microorganisms, but its effects on dual-species biofilms of S. aureus and S. lugdunensis have never been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate how dual-species biofilms of S. aureus and S. lugdunensis respond when challenged with CHE. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CHE against planktic cells in dual-species culture was 8 μg/mL. CHE also suppressed dual-species biofilm formation at minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC90, 4 μg/mL). Further, confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) using five fluorescent dyes revealed the dosedependent reduction of the levels of three key biofilm matrix components, and reduced tolerance to gatifloxacin, of biofilms exposed to CHE. Moreover, CHE efficiently eradicated preformed dual-species biofilms at minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC, 256 μg/mL). Hence, CHE has the potential to address biofilm infections of clinical course and other biofilm-related diseases caused by S. aureus and S. lugdunensis. Keywords Staphylococcus aureus · Staphylococcus lugdunensis · Chelerythrine · Dual-species biofilm · Antibiofilm activity
Introduction S. aureus, a ubiquitous bacterium, is a major human pathogen that resides in the skin and nasal membranes, and can frequently be found in raw, pasteurized milk and other food products (Dai et al. 2019; Tong et al. 2015). Its presence in the normal microbiota notwithstanding, its pathogenic potential is dreadful, and can cause various infections, from bacteremia and infective endocarditis as well as osteoarticular, pleuropulmonary, to hospital-acquired infections (Tong et al. 2015). It is also notable for its ability to produce various toxins and invasive enzymes. Similarly, S. lugdunensis, a coagulase-negative staphylococcus, is a skin commensal, but can also be responsible for nosocomial and * Weidong Qian [email protected] 1
Department of Pharmacy, Food Science and Bioengineering College, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, People’s Republic of China
Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, People’s Republic of China
2
community-acquired infections that clinically resemble those caused by S. aureus in terms of the virulence of the organism and the clinical course of infection (Frank et al. 2008). In addition, S. lugdunensis has been demonstrated to be involved in severe infections such as breast abscesses, peritonitis, infected joint pro
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