In vitro antibacterial activity of plant essential oils against Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus aureus , the ca
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ORIGINAL PAPER
In vitro antibacterial activity of plant essential oils against Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus aureus, the causative agents of exudative epidermitis in pigs Katy Vaillancourt1 · Geneviève LeBel1 · Li Yi2 · Daniel Grenier1,3 Received: 2 February 2018 / Revised: 21 March 2018 / Accepted: 29 March 2018 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Greasy pig disease or exudative epidermitis, a generalized or localized skin disease affecting piglets, is mainly caused by Staphylococcus hyicus, although other staphylococcal species such as Staphylococcus aureus may also induce disease. Piglets with skin lesions can be treated systemically with antibiotics. However, antimicrobial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics are now frequently observed in S. hyicus and S. aureus isolates. In this study, the antibacterial activity of plant essential oils as well as their ability to potentiate the effect of several antimicrobial compounds against S. hyicus and S. aureus were investigated with a view to a potential use as skin disinfectants. Among ten essential oils tested, those from cinnamon, thyme, and winter savory were the most active with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranging from 0.078 to 0.313% (v/v). Using a fluorescent probe with DNA affinity, it was found that thyme and winter savory oils act, at least in part, by disturbing the bacterial membrane integrity. At concentrations below the MIC, thyme and winter savory oils reduced biofilm formation by S. hyicus. Moreover, a treatment of pre-formed biofilms of S. hyicus with cinnamon or thyme oils significantly decreases its viability. Synergistic interactions between essential oils, more particularly from thyme and winter savory, and penicillin G, chlorhexidine or nisin, were observed. This study supports the therapeutic potential of essential oils as topical therapeutic agents against exudative epidermitis. Keywords Greasy pig · Exudative epidermitis · Staphylococcus hyicus · Staphylococcus aureus · Biofilm · Essential oil
Introduction Greasy pig disease or exudative epidermitis is a generalized or localized skin infection affecting mainly neonatal and newly weaned piglets, and characterized by exfoliation, sebaceous exudation and crust formation that may cover the entire body of the animal (Frana 2012). Mortality and Communicated by Yusuf Akhter. * Daniel Grenier [email protected] 1
Oral Ecology Research Group (GREB), Faculty of Dentistry, Laval University, 2420 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
2
College of Life Sciences, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
3
Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint‑Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
morbidity are high during exudative epidermitis outbreaks. More specifically, death associated with exudative epidermitis mostly results from dehydratation. This disease occurs worldwide and the increased incidence
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