Efficacy of diminazene diaceturate and isometamidium chloride hydrochloride for the treatment of Trypanosoma evansi in m
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Efficacy of diminazene diaceturate and isometamidium chloride hydrochloride for the treatment of Trypanosoma evansi in mice model Weldegebrial G. Aregawi1,2 • Fikadu Gutema1 • Juhar Tesfaye1 • Abel Sorsa1 • Brehanu Megersa1 Philimon Teshome1 • Getahun E. Agga3 • Hagos Ashenafi4
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Received: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 Ó Indian Society for Parasitology 2020
Abstract Diminazene diaceturate (DIM) and isometamidium chloride hydrochloride (ISMM) have been widely used for the treatment of animal trypanosomosis. We evaluated the efficacy of standard doses of DIM and ISMM followed by their double doses for the treatment of Trypanosoma evansi in experimentally infected mice. A T. evansi strain obtained from a naturally infected camel in Afar was used. 25 swiss white mice randomly divided in to five groups were inoculated with 0.2 mL of blood containing 103 trypanosomes. At the peak of parasitemia (& 2 weeks post infection), groups A and B were treated with the standard dose (3.5 mg/kg body weight [BWT]) of DIM; groups C and D were treated with the standard dose (0.5 mg/kg BWT) of ISMM; and group E served as infected control. In the DIM standard dose groups, relapses and peak parasitemia were observed 20- and 25-days post treatment respectively. Similarly, relapses and peak parasitemia were observed 21- and 27-days post treatment in the ISMM standard dose groups. All mice in the control group died within two weeks post infection. Following relapses, mice were treated with the double doses of DIM & Weldegebrial G. Aregawi [email protected] 1
Werer Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
2
Mekhoni Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 47, Tigray, Mekhoni, Ethiopia
3
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Bowling Green, KY, USA
4
College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
(7 mg/kg BWT) or ISMM (1 mg/kg BWT). Parasitemia was not detected for 3 months following the double dose treatments. Following dexamethasone administration for 7 days, all but one mouse in the DIM group remained negative for another month. In general, although the T. evansi strain was resistant to the standard doses of DIM and ISMM their double doses completely cleared the infection. Keywords Camel Drug efficacy Diminazene diaceturate Isometamidium chloride Surra Trypanosoma evansi
Introduction Surra caused by Trypanosoma evansi affects a wide range of domestic and wild animals in Africa, Asia and South America with the highest prevalence in dromedary camels (Aregawi et al. 2019). It is the most important cause of economic losses in camel rearing areas of the world, mainly through morbidity, mortality and reduced productivity (Enwezor and Sackey 2005; Desquesnes et al. 2013b). Since camel represents an expensive and prestigious animal in camel rearing regions
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