The Potency of Fenton-Polyaluminum Chloride for Black Liquor Treatment
Black liquor is one of the main by-products of the pretreatment process in bioethanol production from empty oil palm fruit bunches, with a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and low dissolved oxygen (DO). The effect of FeSO4 as a coagulant and FeSO4–H2O2 f
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The Potency of Fenton-Polyaluminum Chloride for Black Liquor Treatment Ajeng Arum Sari, Anis Kristiani, Hendris Hendarsyah Kurniawan, and R. Irni Fitria Anggraini
Abstract Black liquor is one of the main by-products of the pretreatment process in bioethanol production from empty oil palm fruit bunches, with a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and low dissolved oxygen (DO). The effect of FeSO4 as a coagulant and FeSO4–H2O2 for Fenton on the degradation of black liquor was examined. This study also identified the ability of a fungus to decolorize black liquor wastewater after the Fenton process and on original black liquor. One percent ferrous sulfate decolorized 84% of black liquor with a concentration of 30,000 ppm under the coagulation method. By adding H2O2 and FeSO4 through the Fenton process, decolorization of the original black liquor was approximately 52%. Combining Fenton and polyaluminum chloride decolorized black liquor up to 90% in 33 min, whereas Coriolus versicolor decolorized 54% and 75% Fenton-treated black liquor and original black liquor after 15 days, respectively.
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Introduction
Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world. One ton crude palm oil generates 1.1 ton oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) as lignocellulosic biomass waste. OPEFB content consists of cellulose (29.9%), hemicellulose (18.6%), lignin (27.6%), and others (Sari et al. 2014). Cellulose and hemicellulose from OPEFB can be converted to ethanol. Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, has been developing technology for bioethanol production that consists of four steps: pretreatment, hydrolysis of cellulose to produce sugars, fermentation of sugars to ethanol, and distillation to obtain purified ethanol. The pretreatment process has several purposes such as removing lignin and hemicellulose, increasing surface area, and fractionating amorphous cellulose (Kristiani et al. 2016). Several options for pretreatment process that are commonly used are physical/mechanical, chemical, biological, and a combination of these
A.A. Sari (*) • A. Kristiani • H.H. Kurniawan • R.I.F. Anggraini Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 B. McLellan (ed.), Sustainable Future for Human Security, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5430-3_7
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types (Mosier et al. 2005; Taherzadeh and Karimi 2008; Alvira et al. 2010). The chemical pretreatment using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aims to alter the structure of cellulosic biomass by removing lignin. After that, the cellulose becomes more accessible to the enzymes that have a role for converting it into fermentable sugars (Alvira et al. 2010). During alkali pretreatment, lignin is solubilized and/or decomposed in the aqueous phase resulting in a soluble fraction containing lignin degradation products (Sudiyani et al. 2016). It is called black liquor. In the Research Center
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