Efficacy of inhibitory control depends on procrastination and deceleration in saccade planning
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Efficacy of inhibitory control depends on procrastination and deceleration in saccade planning Indrajeet Indrajeet1 · Supriya Ray1 Received: 1 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A goal-directed flexible behavior warrants our ability to timely inhibit impending movements deemed inappropriate due to an abrupt change in the context. Race model of countermanding rapid saccadic eye movement posits a competition between a preparatory GO process and an inhibitory STOP process rising to reach a fixed threshold. Stop-signal response time (SSRT), which is the average time STOP takes to rise to the threshold, is widely used as a metric to assess the ability to revoke a movement. A reliable estimation of SSRT critically depends on the assumption of independence between GO and STOP process, which has been violated in many studies. In addition, the physiological correlate of stochastic rise of STOP process to a threshold remains unsubstantiated thus far. Here, we introduce a method to estimate the efficacy of inhibitory control on the premise of an alternative model that assumes deceleration of GO process following the stop-signal onset. The average reaction time increased exponentially with the increase in the maximum duration available to attenuate GO process by the stop-signal. Our method estimates saccade procrastination in anticipation of the stop-signal, and the rate of increase in attenuation on GO process. Unlike SSRT, these new metrics are independent of how the stopping performance varies with the delay between go- and stop-signal onsets. We reckon that these metrics together qualify to be considered as an efficient alternative to SSRT for the estimation of individuals’ ability to countermand saccades, especially in cases when the assumptions of race model are no longer valid. Keywords Countermanding · Inhibitory control · Human · Rise-to-threshold model · Eye movement · Stop-signal task
Introduction In response to any unexpected change in the environment or internal goal, the emerging plan of an impending action is re-assessed, and eventually an inhibitory control is exerted to redirect or abort the action. In laboratory settings, the countermanding paradigm is widely used to study inhibitory control, which is a critical component of the executive function of organisms (Matzke et al. 2018). The countermanding task warrants generating an overt movement in response to Communicated by Winston D Byblow. * Indrajeet Indrajeet [email protected] * Supriya Ray [email protected] 1
Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad (Senate Hall Campus), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India
a go-signal in the majority of trials. In the remaining trials, the task requires cancellation of the pre-planned response following the appearance of a stop-signal. The delay from the go-signal to the stop-signal onset is called stop-signal delay or SSD, which varies from trial to trial to manipulate difficulty in stoppin
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