Efficacy of red light for enhanced cell disruption and fluorescence intensity of phycocyanin
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RESEARCH PAPER
Efficacy of red light for enhanced cell disruption and fluorescence intensity of phycocyanin Sivaprakasam Sivasankari1 · Mani Vinoth2 · David Ravindran1 · Kathirvelu Baskar3 · Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi4 · Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah4 Received: 2 June 2020 / Accepted: 14 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, red LED and urea used as light and nitrogen sources, respectively, for the cultivation of Spirulina to enhance the fluorescence property and purity of phycocyanin. Besides, there is a high concentration of phycocyanin leached out from red light (RL) grown cells than white light (WL) without cell disruption. This type of cultivation reduces the complexity of extraction methods and cost of the downstream process. The fluorescence intensity of C-PC enhanced while using red LEDs and purity ratio improved by single-step cation exchange chromatography. Phycocyanin from red-light-exposed culture exhibited pronounced antibacterial activity against bacteria. The hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of C-PC (93.7%) is higher than the WL cultures (88.8%). Phycocyanin from RL culture exhibited a strong antiproliferative activity (64.1%) against HeLa cancer cell line. The present study aims to analyze the influence of red light and urea on enhancing the phycocyanin production. Keywords Spirulina platensis · Fluorescence · Red LEDs · Urea · Phycocyanin · Chromatography
Introduction The cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis is a Gram-negative freshwater, nontoxic, filamentous algae, rich in proteins, vitamins, pigments and other antioxidant compounds [1]. Spirulina is an ideal source for a wide range of natural pigments like carotenoid, chlorophyll and phycocyanin. Among them, phycocyanin (C-PC) is a hydrophilic blue-colored * Sivaprakasam Sivasankari [email protected] * David Ravindran [email protected] * Kathirvelu Baskar [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-DU, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu 624302, India
2
Research Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620020, India
3
Department of Ecotoxicology and Genetic Toxicology, Ross Lifescience Pvt., Ltd., Pune, Maharastra 411026, India
4
Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
fluorescent protein, covalently bound to chromophore tetrapyrroles groups known as bilins [2, 3]. In phycobilisome, C-PC, is associated with other phycobiliproteins such as allophycocyanin (blue-green color), and phycoerythrin (red color) [4]. Several studies have been reported that C-PC is the accessory light-harvesting pigment in the cyanobacterium, gaining importance in the diagnostic industry as natural dye over toxic and carcinogenic synthetic dye [5, 6]. This natural blue pigment is widely used in immunological assays, due to broad excitation spectrum, large stokes shift, high fluorescence, and good storage stability in the pH range of 5–8
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