Efficiency of RF Energy Harvesting in Modern Wireless Technologies
The paper investigates the effectiveness of wireless power collection of electromagnetic energy emitted by LPD433 and Wi-Fi transmitters as well as by the base stations of the LTE and 5G mobile network. The legal regulations of the Russian Federation that
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and Daria Ikonnikova
HSE Tikhonov Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics (MIEM HSE), Moscow, Russia {syakimenko,dmikonnikova}@miem.hse.ru
Abstract. The paper investigates the effectiveness of wireless power collection of electromagnetic energy emitted by LPD433 and Wi-Fi transmitters as well as by the base stations of the LTE and 5G mobile network. The legal regulations of the Russian Federation that affect wireless energy collection (sanitary zone range, maximum transmitter power and antenna gain, etc.) have been taken into consideration. The efficiency of options for wireless energy collection at various free and cellular frequencies has been compared according to such parameters as collected power, maximum charging range and energy replenishment coefficient. Based on the results of the comparison, the most promising RF bands which can be used for wireless harvesting in Russia have been proposed. Keywords: Wireless charging · RF energy harvesting · LPD433 · Russian law regulations · Power collection effectiveness
1 Introduction The rapid spread of technologies for radio frequency (RF) energy collecting can be explained by the wide availability of electromagnetic signals in human life: base stations, Wi-Fi routers, TV and radio broadcast stations. However, radio frequency energy sources are relatively low-power compared to other types of energy (solar, wind, ocean waves, etc.) In addition, the maximum level of electromagnetic radiation from transmitters is limited by the legislation of a particular country. Despite this, a huge advantage of RF energy sources is that the collection can be carried out continuously and does not impact the environment negatively. In the future the amount of radio frequency energy in the environment will significantly increase. It is caused by the transition to ultra-dense 5G and IEEE 802.11ac networks with the support of massive MIMO and beamforming technologies. The RF energy can be used to charge electronic devices which have low energy consumption. In addition, the recent challenges humanity is faced with, such as the Covid-19 outbreak, have markedly changed the patterns of people’s workflow. It is becoming increasingly important to work from any convenient place rather than being restricted to the workplace. The wearable electronic devices (for example, smart rings, Bluetoothheadphones), which allow an employee to always be in touch with their colleagues and managers, are important attributes of working remotely. At the same time, the capacity © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 O. Galinina et al. (Eds.): NEW2AN 2020/ruSMART 2020, LNCS 12525, pp. 110–118, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65726-0_10
Efficiency of RF Energy Harvesting in Modern Wireless Technologies
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of wearable devices is small, and to ensure stable connectivity, the issue of finding alternative ways of recharging them is of utmost importance. This work evaluates the efficiency of radio frequency energy harvesting at various frequencies which are typical for modern wireless technologies.
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